Activation of Three Major Signaling Pathways After Endurance Training and Spinal Cord Injury
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of endurance training on expression of growth factors (GFs) and stimulation of neurotrophin-dependent signaling pathways (PI3k/Akt, PLCγ/PKC, PCLγ/CAMKII, Ras-Erk1/2 and Rac1-Cdc42) were investigated.
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Abstract: We aimed to investigate the effects of endurance training on expression of growth factors (GFs) and stimulation of neurotrophin-dependent signaling pathways (PI3k/Akt, PLCγ/PKC, PLCγ/CAMKII, Ras-Erk1/2 and Rac1-Cdc42) responsible for neuroplasticity, neuroregeneration, survival and growth after spinal cord injury (SCI). Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (i) intact controls; (ii) 6 weeks of endurance training; (iii) SCI; (iv) pre-training + SCI. The animals survived for 6 weeks after SCI. Firstly, endurance training markedly upregulated mRNA expression and protein levels (up to four times) of growth factors (BDNF, GDNF) and their receptors (TrkB, Gfrα) in low thoracic segments (Th8–Th10) compared to levels in untrained animals. Secondly, we found that spontaneous neuroplasticity seen in the SCI alone group was GF-specific and was activated through both PLCγ-PKC and PLC-CAMKII signaling pathways. In addition, training prior to SCI markedly increased the activity of PLCγ-PKC signaling at both transcript and protein levels at and around the lesion site. Similar effects were seen in expression of PI3k/Akt and Ras/Erk1/2 signaling responsible for cell survival and regeneration. Thirdly, rats which underwent physical activity prior to SCI were more active and had significantly better neurological scores at the 14th and 42nd days of survival. These results suggest that regular physical activity could play an important role after SCI, as it maintains increased expression of GFs in spinal cord tissue 6 weeks post-SCI. The BDNF- and/or BDNF + GDNF-dependent signaling pathways were significantly affected in pre-trained SCI animals. In contrast, GDNF-dependent Rac1-Cdc42 signaling was not involved in training-affected SCI response.
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The neuroprotective effects of estrogen and estrogenic compounds in spinal cord injury
Artur Shvetcov,Marc J. Ruitenberg,Fabien Delerue,Wendy A. Gold,David Brown,Caitlin A. Finney +5 more
TL;DR: In this article , a review of the pre-clinical literature on estrogen and estrogenic compound neuroprotection after spinal cord injury was conducted, and the authors found significant evidence that estrogens offer protection against myriad pathophysiological effects of SCI and lead to improvements in functional outcomes, including locomotion.
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The Impact of Activity-Based Interventions on Neuropathic Pain in Experimental Spinal Cord Injury
TL;DR: Physical activity-based rehabilitation interventions represent the main treatment concept for people suffering from spinal cord injury (SCI). as mentioned in this paper The role such interventions play in the relief of neuropathic pain (NP) states is emerging, along with underlying mechanisms resulting in SCI-induced NP.
Body Weight Support Treadmill Training combined with Sciatic Nerve Electrical Stimulation Ameliorating Motor Function by Enhancing PI3K/Akt Proteins Expression via BDNF/TrkB Signaling Pathway in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury.
TL;DR: It was demonstrated that BWSTT combined with SNES contributed to alleviating spinal cord tissue injury, delaying muscle atrophy and improving locomotion, and one of the possible mechanisms may be related to the regulation of the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway.
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TL;DR: It was shown that various exercises, chemical interventions, etc had significant positive impact on SCI by affecting BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway, and this study aims to inspect whether this signaling is effective or not.
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Combining single pellet grasping and treadmill training promotes axon sprouting and functional recovery
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the effect of combining treadmill training and single pellet grasping in a well-established model of murine spinal cord injury to assess whether combining rehabilitation approaches improve outcomes.
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