Activation of the subventricular zone in multiple sclerosis: Evidence for early glial progenitors
Brahim Nait-Oumesmar,Nathalie Picard-Riera,Christophe Kerninon,Laurence Decker,Danielle Seilhean,Günter U. Höglinger,Etienne C. Hirsch,Richard Reynolds,Anne Baron-Van Evercooren +8 more
TL;DR: Data indicate that, as in rodents, activation of gliogenesis in the SVZ occurs in MS and suggest the mobilization of SVZ-derived early glial progenitors to periventricular lesions, where they could give rise to oligodendrocyte precursors.
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Abstract: In multiple sclerosis (MS), oligodendrocyte and myelin destruction lead to demyelination with subsequent axonal loss. Experimental demyelination in rodents has highlighted the activation of the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the involvement of progenitor cells expressing the polysialylated form of neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) in the repair process. In this article, we studied the distribution of early PSA-NCAM+ progenitors in the SVZ and MS lesions in human postmortem brains. Compared with controls, MS SVZ showed a 2- to 3-fold increase in cell density and proliferation, which correlated with enhanced numbers of PSA-NCAM+ and glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive (GFAP+) cells. PSA-NCAM+ progenitors mainly were Sox9+, and a few expressed Sox10 and Olig2, markers of oligodendroglial specification. PSA-NCAM+ progenitors expressing Sox10 and Olig2 also were detected in demyelinated MS lesions. In active and chronic active lesions, the number of PSA-NCAM+ progenitors was 8-fold higher compared with chronic silent lesions, shadow plaques, and normal-appearing white matter. In active and chronic active lesions, PSA-NCAM+ progenitors were more frequent in periventricular lesions (30–50%) than in lesions remote from the ventricular wall. These data indicate that, as in rodents, activation of gliogenesis in the SVZ occurs in MS and suggest the mobilization of SVZ-derived early glial progenitors to periventricular lesions, where they could give rise to oligodendrocyte precursors. These early glial progenitors could be a potential target for therapeutic strategies designed to promote myelin repair in MS.
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Region and dynamic specificities of adult neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte precursors in myelin regeneration in the mouse brain
Béatrice Brousse,Karine Magalon,Pascale Durbec,Myriam Cayre +3 more
TL;DR: A region and context-dependent contribution of SVZdNP to myelin repair that can equal pOPC is highlighted, and the question of a possible exhaustion of V-SVZ proliferation potential in chronic pathologies is raised.
Oligodendrocyte Lineage and Subventricular Zone Response to Traumatic Axonal Injury in the Corpus Callosum
Genevieve M. Sullivan,Amanda J. Mierzwa,Naruchorn Kijpaisalratana,Haiying Tang,Yong Wang,Sheng-Kwei Song,Reed Selwyn,Regina C. Armstrong +7 more
TL;DR: Findings expand the cell types and responses to white matter injuries that inform diffusion tensor imaging evaluation and identify pivotal white matter changes after TAI that may affect axon vulnerability vs. recovery after brain injury.
Ascl1/Mash1 Promotes Brain Oligodendrogenesis during Myelination and Remyelination
Hiroko Nakatani,Elodie Martin,Elodie Martin,Elodie Martin,Hessameh Hassani,Hessameh Hassani,Hessameh Hassani,Adrien Clavairoly,Adrien Clavairoly,Adrien Clavairoly,Cecile L. Maire,Cecile L. Maire,Cecile L. Maire,Arthur Viadieu,Arthur Viadieu,Arthur Viadieu,Christophe Kerninon,Christophe Kerninon,Christophe Kerninon,Aurélie Delmasure,Aurélie Delmasure,Aurélie Delmasure,Magali Frah,Magali Frah,Magali Frah,Melanie Weber,Masato Nakafuku,Bernard Zalc,Jean-Leon Thomas,François Guillemot,Brahim Nait-Oumesmar,Carlos Parras,Carlos Parras,Carlos Parras +33 more
TL;DR: Together, the results show that Ascl1 function modulates multiple steps of OPC development in the postnatal brain and in response to demyelinating insults.
Human mesenchymal factors induce rat hippocampal‐ and human neural stem cell dependent oligodendrogenesis
Janusz J. Jadasz,Lena Tepe,Felix Beyer,Iria Samper Agrelo,Rainer Akkermann,Lucas-Sebastian Spitzhorn,Maria Elena Silva,Richard O.C. Oreffo,Hans-Peter Hartung,Alessandro Prigione,Francisco J. Rivera,Francisco J. Rivera,James Adjaye,Patrick Küry +13 more
TL;DR: It is shown for the first time that dominant pro‐oligodendroglial factors derived from human fetal MSCs can instruct human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived NSCs to differentiate into O4 positive oligodendrocytes, and Stimulation with human MSC factors was observed to equally promote rat stem cell oligodendedrogenesis, axonal wrapping and tissue integration.
p70S6 kinase regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation and is active in remyelinating lesions
Karelle Bénardais,Isis M. Ornelas,M. Fauveau,Tanya Brown,Lisbet T. Finseth,R. Panic,Cyrille Deboux,Wendy B. Macklin,Teresa L. Wood,Brahim Nait-Oumesmar +9 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that p70 ribosomal S6 kinase activity peaks in oligodendrocyte lineage cells at the time when they transition to myelinating oligodendedrocytes during developmental myelination in the mouse spinal cord, and that specifically inhibiting p70 ribsomal S 6 kinase 1 in cultured oligod endocrine precursor cells significantly impairs cell lineage progression and expression of myelin basic protein.
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