Activation of the subventricular zone in multiple sclerosis: Evidence for early glial progenitors
Brahim Nait-Oumesmar,Nathalie Picard-Riera,Christophe Kerninon,Laurence Decker,Danielle Seilhean,Günter U. Höglinger,Etienne C. Hirsch,Richard Reynolds,Anne Baron-Van Evercooren +8 more
TL;DR: Data indicate that, as in rodents, activation of gliogenesis in the SVZ occurs in MS and suggest the mobilization of SVZ-derived early glial progenitors to periventricular lesions, where they could give rise to oligodendrocyte precursors.
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Abstract: In multiple sclerosis (MS), oligodendrocyte and myelin destruction lead to demyelination with subsequent axonal loss. Experimental demyelination in rodents has highlighted the activation of the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the involvement of progenitor cells expressing the polysialylated form of neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) in the repair process. In this article, we studied the distribution of early PSA-NCAM+ progenitors in the SVZ and MS lesions in human postmortem brains. Compared with controls, MS SVZ showed a 2- to 3-fold increase in cell density and proliferation, which correlated with enhanced numbers of PSA-NCAM+ and glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive (GFAP+) cells. PSA-NCAM+ progenitors mainly were Sox9+, and a few expressed Sox10 and Olig2, markers of oligodendroglial specification. PSA-NCAM+ progenitors expressing Sox10 and Olig2 also were detected in demyelinated MS lesions. In active and chronic active lesions, the number of PSA-NCAM+ progenitors was 8-fold higher compared with chronic silent lesions, shadow plaques, and normal-appearing white matter. In active and chronic active lesions, PSA-NCAM+ progenitors were more frequent in periventricular lesions (30–50%) than in lesions remote from the ventricular wall. These data indicate that, as in rodents, activation of gliogenesis in the SVZ occurs in MS and suggest the mobilization of SVZ-derived early glial progenitors to periventricular lesions, where they could give rise to oligodendrocyte precursors. These early glial progenitors could be a potential target for therapeutic strategies designed to promote myelin repair in MS.
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Citations
The Neurofilament-Derived Peptide NFL-TBS.40-63 Targets Neural Stem Cells and Affects Their Properties
TL;DR: It is shown that the NFL‐TBS.40‐63 peptide, corresponding to the sequence of a tubulin‐binding site on neurofilaments, can target glioblastoma cells, where it disrupts their microtubules and inhibits their proliferation.
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Polysialic acid modification of the synaptic cell adhesion molecule SynCAM 1 in human embryonic stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte precursor cells.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that polySia is present on human OPCs but down-regulated during differentiation into myelin basic protein-positive oligodendrocytes.
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Hematopoietic cell activation in the subventricular zone after Theiler's virus infection.
Gwendolyn E. Goings,Adriana Greisman,Rachel E. James,Leanne K.F. Abram,Wendy Smith Begolka,Stephen D. Miller,Francis G. Szele,Francis G. Szele,Francis G. Szele +8 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that after TMEV infection, the SVZ may mount an attempt at neuronal repair via emigration, a process dampened by decreases in neuroblast numbers.
Mature neurons modulate neurogenesis through chemical signals acting on neural stem cells.
TL;DR: The existing data on this type of regulation from the three best characterized germinal niches in the adult nervous system: the subventricular zone, the hippocampal subgranular zone, and the carotid body are discussed.
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Targeting the Subventricular Zone to Promote Myelin Repair in the Aging Brain
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