Acquisition, extinction, and reacquisition of a cerebellar cortical memory trace.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that paired peripheral forelimb and periocular stimulation, as well as paired direct stimulation of cerebellar afferent pathways (mossy and climbing fibers) consistently causes a gradual acquisition of an inhibitory response in Purkinje cell simple spike firing.
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Abstract: Associative learning in the cerebellum underlies motor memories and probably also cognitive associations. Pavlovian eyeblink conditioning, a widely used experimental model of such learning, depends on the cerebellum, but the memory locus within the cerebellum as well as the underlying mechanisms have remained controversial. To date, crucial information on how cerebellar Purkinje cells change their activity during learning has been ambiguous and contradictory, and there is no information at all about how they behave during extinction and reacquisition. We have now tracked the activity of single Purkinje cells with microelectrodes for up to 16 h in decerebrate ferrets during learning, extinction, and relearning. We demonstrate that paired peripheral forelimb and periocular stimulation, as well as paired direct stimulation of cerebellar afferent pathways (mossy and climbing fibers) consistently causes a gradual acquisition of an inhibitory response in Purkinje cell simple spike firing. This conditioned cell response has several properties that matches known features of the behavioral conditioned response. The response latency varies with the interstimulus interval, and the response maximum is adaptively timed to precede the unconditioned stimulus. Across training trials, it matches behavioral extinction to unpaired stimulation and also the substantial savings that occur when paired stimulation is reinstated. These data suggest that many of the basic behavioral phenomena in eyeblink conditioning can be explained at the level of the single Purkinje cell.
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Citations
Consensus Paper: The Cerebellum's Role in Movement and Cognition
Leonard F. Koziol,Deborah Ely Budding,Nancy C. Andreasen,Stefano D'Arrigo,Sara Bulgheroni,Hiroshi Imamizu,Masao Ito,Mario Manto,Cherie L. Marvel,Krystal L. Parker,Giovanni Pezzulo,Narender Ramnani,Daria Riva,Jeremy D. Schmahmann,Larry Vandervert,Tadashi Yamazaki +15 more
TL;DR: The cerebellum in relation to neurocognitive development, language function, working memory, executive function, and the development of cerebellar internal control models is considered and some of the ways in which better understanding the Cerebellum's status as a “supervised learning machine” can enrich the ability to understand human function and adaptation are considered.
Spatiotemporal firing patterns in the cerebellum
Chris I. De Zeeuw,Chris I. De Zeeuw,Freek E. Hoebeek,Laurens W. J. Bosman,Laurens W. J. Bosman,Martijn Schonewille,Laurens Witter,Sebastiaan K. E. Koekkoek +7 more
TL;DR: Expanding lines of evidence are reviewed that spatiotemporal coding occurs in the cerebellum, and that the olivocerebellar system is optimally designed to generate and employ precise patterns of complex spikes and simple spikes during the acquisition and consolidation of motor skills.
432
The cerebellar microcircuit as an adaptive filter: experimental and computational evidence
TL;DR: It is concluded that many Marr–Albus models are in effect adaptive filters, and that evidence for symmetrical long-term potentiation and long- term depression, interneuron plasticity, silent parallel fibre synapses and recurrent mossy fibre connectivity is strikingly congruent with predictions from adaptive-filter models of cerebellar function.
422
Cerebellum-like structures and their implications for cerebellar function.
TL;DR: The cerebellum-like structures in three groups of fish act as adaptive sensory processors in which the signals conveyed by parallel fibers in the molecular layer predict the patterns of sensory input to the deep layers through a process of associative synaptic plasticity.
300
Redefining the cerebellar cortex as an assembly of non-uniform Purkinje cell microcircuits
TL;DR: The hypothesis that regional differences in properties of cerebellar cortical microcircuits lead to important differences in information processing is developed.
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