Journal Article10.2527/1998.761275X
Acidosis in cattle: a review.
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TL;DR: Continued research concerning grain processing, dietary cation-anion balance, narrow-spectrum antibiotics, glucose or lactate utilizing microbes, and feeding management (limit or program feeding) should yield new methods for reducing the incidence of acute and chronic acidosis.
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Abstract: Acute and chronic acidosis, conditions that follow ingestion of excessive amounts of readily fermented carbohydrate, are prominent production problems for ruminants fed diets rich in concentrate. Often occurring during adaptation to concentrate-rich diets in feedyards, chronic acidosis may continue during the feeding period. With acute acidosis, ruminal acidity and osmolality increase markedly as acids and glucose accumulate; these can damage the ruminal and intestinal wall, decrease blood pH, and cause dehydration that proves fatal. Laminitis, polioencephalomalacia, and liver abscesses often accompany acidosis. Even after animals recover from a bout of acidosis, nutrient absorption may be retarded. With chronic acidosis, feed intake typically is reduced but variable, and performance is depressed, probably due to hypertonicity of digesta. Acidosis control measures include feed additives that inhibit microbial strains that produce lactate, that stimulate activity of lactate-using bacteria or starch-engulfing ruminal protozoa, and that reduce meal size. Inoculation with microbial strains capable of preventing glucose or lactate accumulation or metabolizing lactate at a low pH should help prevent acidosis. Feeding higher amounts of dietary roughage, processing grains less thoroughly, and limiting the quantity of feed should reduce the incidence of acidosis, but these practices often depress performance and economic efficiency. Continued research concerning grain processing, dietary cationanion balance, narrow-spectrum antibiotics, glucose or lactate utilizing microbes, and feeding management (limit or program feeding) should yield new methods for reducing the incidence of acute and chronic acidosis.
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Citations
Ruminal acidosis in feedlot: from aetiology to prevention.
TL;DR: Prevention is the most important tool and will require normalization of ruminal pH and microbiota, while additives such as prebiotics or probiotics can help to stabilize the ruminal environment.
Lactational effect of propionic acid and duodenal glucose in cows.
TL;DR: Five dairy cows were arranged in a 5 x 5 Latin square design to compare the effects of two amounts of either duodenal glucose or ruminal propionic acid (C3) on milk yield and composition, and it seems that mechanisms involved in milk fat decrease are different.
166
Rumen microorganisms and fermentation
TL;DR: Estos aditivos permiten cambiar el proceso de fermentacion y mejorar the eficiencia animal, ademas disminuyen the perdida of energia.
Starch Source Evaluation in Calf Starter: II. Ruminal Parameters, Rumen Development, Nutrient Digestibilities, and Nitrogen Utilization in Holstein Calves
Muhammad Ajmal Khan,H.J. Lee,W.S. Lee,H.S. Kim,S.B. Kim,S.B. Park,K.S. Baek,Jong K. Ha,Yun-Jaie Choi +8 more
TL;DR: Calves on a corn diet have greater ruminal capacity to accommodate feed bulk and more physically and metabolically functional rumens in calves on corn and wheat diets probably resulted in greater feed consumption and N retention.
162
Optimizing rumen functions in the close-up transition period and early lactation to drive dry matter intake and energy balance in cows
TL;DR: A plausible model of the mechanisms of action of probiotics is proposed, and the addition of fibrolytic enzymes has been suggested to improve the digestion of the dietary fiber fraction during acidosis.
158
References
Preventing in vitro lactate accumulation in ruminal fermentations by inoculation with Megasphaera elsdenii
L. Kung,Aideen O. Hession +1 more
TL;DR: Inoculation with M. elsdenii prevented an accumulation of lactic acid and excessive drop in pH in vitro fermentations containing a mixed culture of ruminal bacteria, buffer, and primarily rapidly degradable substrates and has potential to prevent lactate accumulation in diets containing readily fermentable carbohydrates.
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Relationship of acidosis to other feedlot ailments.
TL;DR: It is unlikely that ruminal histamine causes laminitis, but immunizing cattle against liver abscesses may be possible because hair ingested during grooming may penetrate the rumen wall and aid in this passage.
147
Predisposing factors of laminitis in cattle
J.J. Vermunt,Paul R. Greenough +1 more
TL;DR: The cause of laminitis should be considered as a combination of predisposing factors leading to vascular reactivity and inhibition of normal horn synthesis, and nutrition, disease, management and behaviour appear to be closely involved in the pathogenesis of bovine laminationitis.
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