Academic Knowledge Transfers and the Structure of International Research Networks

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the factors associated with structural positioning within university-industry networks and found that those universities with the most central positions (network centrality) within university industry network structures also have high rates of relational involvement in activities such as spinoff generation and engagement in externally funded research projects.

TL;DR: In this paper, the relative influence of static and dynamic agglomeration effects on the one hand and research networking on the other on regional R&D productivity in the European Union was examined empirically.

TL;DR: Koo et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated regional and industrial attributes that influence the geographical localization of technology spillovers and provided substantial evidence that agglomeration, industry structure, small establishment, and local competition play important roles in the localization of information technology spillover.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used social network analysis to explore the changing structures of collaborative systems of intermetropolitan co-patenting in American biotechnology from 1979 to 2009, and found that inter-metropolitan network complexity has broadened and deepened.

Abstract: Technological change is a central element in macroeconomic growth explanation. Endogenous growth models take a revolutionary step towards better understanding the economic growth process by deriving technological change from profit-motivated individual behavior. In endogenous growth theory knowledge spillovers play a fundamental role in the determination of the rate of technological progress. As such the efficiency of transmitting knowledge into economic applications is a crucial factor in explaining macroeconomic growth. Endogenous growth models take this factor exogenous. We argue that variations across countries in entrepreneurship and the spatial structure of economic activities could potentially be the source of different efficiencies in knowledge spillovers and ultimately in economic growth. We develop an empirical model to test both the entrepreneurship and the geography effects on knowledge spillovers. To date the only international data that are collected on the basis of exactly the same principles in each country are the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data. We use the 2001 GEM cross-country data to measure the level of entrepreneurship in each particular economy. For this purpose we apply the TEA index developed within the framework of the GEM project and calculated for each country participating in this international research. Additionally, data on employment, production, patent applications, public and private R&D expenditures originating from different international and national sources are applied in the paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors test the hypotheses that entrepreneurship and university-industry relations are vehicles for knowledge flows and thus, spur economic growth, and show that entrepreneurship is a crucial element of economic growth.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined agglomeration effects on the intensity of local knowledge transfer from universities to high technology innovations within the modified Griliches-Jaffe knowledge production function framework.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined agglomeration effects on the intensity of local knowledge transfer from universities to high technology innovations within the modified Griliches-Jaffe knowledge production function framework.