Abnormal brain synchrony in Down Syndrome

TL;DR: In this article , the authors used fALFF and regional homogeneity (ReHo) strategies to find differences in spontaneous brain activity among young people with Down syndrome and controls and to correlate these results with cognitive outcomes.

TL;DR: This article investigated the neural correlates of memory amelioration produced by postnatal environmental enrichment (EE) in diploid mice and the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome (trisomy 21).

TL;DR: In this article , the authors reviewed accumulating evidence that altered theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) may be one of the earliest EEG signatures of Alzheimer's disease and therefore may serve as an adjuvant tool for detecting cognitive decline in DS-AD.

TL;DR: The technical feasibility of anaesthetised fMRI in children is demonstrated, suggesting that combined isoflurane-remifentanil anaesthesia may be an effective strategy to extend the emerging clinical applications of resting-state fMRI to the variety of patient groups who may otherwise be impractical to scan.

TL;DR: A baseline state of the normal adult human brain in terms of the brain oxygen extraction fraction or OEF is identified, suggesting the existence of an organized, baseline default mode of brain function that is suspended during specific goal-directed behaviors.

TL;DR: Construction of brain networks from connectivity data is discussed and the most commonly used network measures of structural and functional connectivity are described, which variously detect functional integration and segregation, quantify centrality of individual brain regions or pathways, and test resilience of networks to insult.

TL;DR: It is concluded that correlation of low frequency fluctuations, which may arise from fluctuations in blood oxygenation or flow, is a manifestation of functional connectivity of the brain.

TL;DR: It is suggested that both task-driven neuronal responses and behavior are reflections of this dynamic, ongoing, functional organization of the brain, featuring the presence of anticorrelated networks in the absence of overt task performance.