A tool to act blind? Object-assisted eye-covering as a self-handicapping behavior and social play signal in Balinese long-tailed macaques

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present a three-level neo-Tinbergenian approach to behavior that considers the triadic integration of behavioral causes, structure, and consequences along a single temporal continuum.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors studied object play in managed care belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) and found that nine of the nine immature Belugas were observed to self-handicap while playing with objects in 3.9% of cases.

TL;DR: It is argued that play is a process that converts surplus resources into information and confers fitness benefits and presented a model and simulation results of the evolution of a social play learning process that provides fitness-enhancing information in adult cooperative and competitive situations.

TL;DR: Persistent impairments in social behavior and dysregulations in the endocannabinoid (eCB) system are reported on and a novel translational approach is provided to characterize neurobiological processes underlying social peer-rejection in adolescence.

TL;DR: The kids showed a clear preference for play on sloped terrain, even though this choice resulted in considerably greater risks, so the danger involved in highly active locomotor play performed on steeply sloped areas is presumably outweighed by the physical training benefit for an adult life spent moving in precipitious areas.

TL;DR: This work focuses on the use of two playful expression variants (PF: play face, mouth opened with only the lower teeth exposed; FPF) in Theropithecus gelada, where PF was replaced by FPF; in older subjects PF was virtually absent; the ontogenetic transition appears to reflect the phylogenetic sequence of the two playful displays.