Journal Article10.1515/REVEH.2008.23.4.243
A systematic review of the relation between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and chronic diseases.
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TL;DR: Suggestive evidence was found that exposure to PM2.5 is positively associated with mortality from coronary heart diseases and exposure to SO2 increases mortality from lung cancer and for the other pollutants and health outcomes, the data were insufficient to make solid conclusions.
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Abstract: We conducted a systematic review of all studies published between 1950 and 2007 of associations between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and the risks in adults of nonaccidental mortality and the incidence and mortality from cancer and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. We searched bibliographic databases for cohort and case-control studies, abstracted characteristics of their design and conduct, and synthesized the quantitative findings in tabular and graphic form. We assessed heterogeneity, estimated pooled effects for specific pollutants, and conducted sensitivity analyses according to selected characteristics of the studies. Our analysis showed that long-term exposure to PM2.5 increases the risk of nonaccidental mortality by 6% per a 10 microg/m3 increase, independent of age, gender, and geographic region. Exposure to PM2.5 was also associated with an increased risk of mortality from lung cancer (range: 15% to 21% per a 10 microg/m3 increase) and total cardiovascular mortality (range: 12% to 14% per a 10 microg/m3 increase). In addition, living close to busy traffic appears to be associated with elevated risks of these three outcomes. Suggestive evidence was found that exposure to PM2.5 is positively associated with mortality from coronary heart diseases and exposure to SO2 increases mortality from lung cancer. For the other pollutants and health outcomes, the data were insufficient data to make solid conclusions.
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Citations
Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015
Aaron Cohen,Michael Brauer,Richard T. Burnett,H. Ross Anderson,Joseph Frostad,Kara Estep,Kalpana Balakrishnan,Bert Brunekreef,Lalit Dandona,Lalit Dandona,Rakhi Dandona,Valery L. Feigin,Greg Freedman,Bryan Hubbell,Amelia Jobling,Haidong Kan,Luke D. Knibbs,Yang Liu,Randall V. Martin,Lidia Morawska,C. Arden Pope,Hwashin Shin,Kurt Straif,Gavin Shaddick,Matthew L. Thomas,Rita Van Dingenen,Aaron van Donkelaar,Theo Vos,Christopher J L Murray,Mohammad H. Forouzanfar +29 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored spatial and temporal trends in mortality and burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution from 1990 to 2015 at global, regional, and country levels, and estimated the relative risk of mortality from ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and lower respiratory infections from epidemiological studies using nonlinear exposure-response functions spanning the global range of exposure.
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An Integrated Risk Function for Estimating the Global Burden of Disease Attributable to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Exposure
Richard T. Burnett,C. Arden Pope,Majid Ezzati,Casey Olives,Stephen S Lim,Sumi Mehta,Hwashin H. Shin,Gitanjali M Singh,Bryan Hubbell,Michael Brauer,H. Ross Anderson,Kirk R. Smith,John R. Balmes,John R. Balmes,Nigel Bruce,Haidong Kan,Francine Laden,Annette Prüss-Ustün,Michelle C. Turner,Susan M. Gapstur,W. Ryan Diver,Aaron Cohen +21 more
TL;DR: A fine particulate mass–based RR model that covered the global range of exposure by integrating RR information from different combustion types that generate emissions of particulate matter is developed.
Screening for Depression in the General Population with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D): A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.
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The Mechanism(s) of Neighbourhood Effects: Theory, Evidence, and Policy Implications
George Galster
- 01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this article, a list of 15 potential causal pathways which may lead to neighbourhood effects is given, grouped into four categories: social-interactive mechanisms, environmental mechanisms, geographical mechanisms, and institutional mechanisms.
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Exposure assessment for estimation of the global burden of disease attributable to outdoor air pollution.
Michael Brauer,Markus Amann,Rick Burnett,Aaron Cohen,Frank Dentener,Majid Ezzati,Sarah B. Henderson,Michal Krzyzanowski,Randall V. Martin,Randall V. Martin,Rita Van Dingenen,Aaron van Donkelaar,George D. Thurston +12 more
TL;DR: These estimates expand the evaluation of the global health burden associated with outdoor air pollution, highlighted by increased concentrations in East, South, and Southeast Asia and decreases in North America and Europe.
References
Reanalysis of the Harvard Six Cities Study, part I: validation and replication.
Daniel Krewski,Rick Burnett,Mark S. Goldberg,K Hoover,Jack Siemiatycki,Michal Abrahamowicz,W White +6 more
TL;DR: The audit and validation of the Harvard Six Cities Study conducted by the reanalysis team generally confirmed the quality of the data and the numerical results reported by the original investigators, and did not substantively alter the original risk estimates associated with particulate air pollution.
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Personal exposure to particles in Banská Bystrica, Slovakia.
Michael Brauer,Frantiska Hruba,Eva Mihalikova,Eleonóra Fabiánová,Peter Miskovic,Alena Plziková,Marie Lendacká,John J. Vandenberg,Alison C. Cullen +8 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that personal exposure measurements and additional demographic and daily activity data are crucial for accurate evaluation of exposure to particles in this setting, and that central site monitors underpredict actual human exposures to PM2.5 and PM10.
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Cancer of the lung and los-angeles-type air pollution. Prospective study
TL;DR: In this article, a prospective study was conducted in Los Angeles California in an attempt to answer the question of whether longterm residents of Los Angeles at comparable smoking levels have a higher rate of pulmonary cancer than the long term residents of other metropolitan areas of California.
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Ambient air pollution and cancer in California Seventh-day Adventists.
TL;DR: Risk of malignant neoplasms in females increased concurrently with exceedance frequencies for all TSP cutoffs, except the lowest, and these increased risks were highly statistically significant and presented in the context of setting standards for these two air pollutants.
45
Lung cancer, smoking, and environment: a cohort study of the Danish population
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess the effects of air pollution and occupation on lung cancer in Denmark, with control for smoking habits, and find that smoking is the main factor behind the regional differences in lung cancer incidence in Denmark.
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