A Shift from Reversible to Irreversible X Inactivation Is Triggered during ES Cell Differentiation
Anton Wutz,Rudolf Jaenisch +1 more
TL;DR: A full-length mouse Xist cDNA transgene and an inducible expression system facilitating controlled Xist expression in ES cells and differentiated cultures are generated, suggesting that reversible repression by Xist is a required initiation step that might occur during normal X inactivation in female cells.
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About: This article is published in Molecular Cell. The article was published on 01 Apr 2000. and is currently open access. The article focuses on the topics: XIST & Tsix.
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Citations
The Molecular and Nuclear Dynamics of X-Chromosome Inactivation.
François Dossin,Edith Heard +1 more
TL;DR: The X chromosome inactivation (XCI) process as discussed by the authors is dependent on Xist, a long noncoding RNA that coats and silences the X chromosome from which it is transcribed.
41
REVIEW ARTICLE Human Embryonic Stem Cells as a Powerful Tool for Studying Human Embryogenesis
Tamar Dvash,Dalit Ben-Yosef,Rachel Eiges +2 more
- 01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: Human embryonic stem cells (HESC) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of human blastocyst-stage embryos as discussed by the authors.
40
XIST-induced silencing of flanking genes is achieved by additive action of repeat a monomers in human somatic cells
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that expression of the inducible full-length XIST cDNA was able to suppress expression of two nearby reporter genes as well as endogenous genes up to 3 MB from the integration site, and that sequences within the two palindromic cores of the repeat are essential for silencing.
Preventing gene silencing with human replicators
TL;DR: Observations suggest that replicators introduce epigenetic chromatin changes that facilitate initiation of DNA replication and affect gene silencing, and inclusion of functional replicators in gene therapy vectors may provide a tool for stabilizing gene expression patterns.
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Xist expression and macroH2A1.2 localisation in mouse primordial and pluripotent embryonic germ cells
Tatyana B. Nesterova,Tatyana B. Nesterova,Jacqueline E. Mermoud,Kathy Hilton,John R. Pehrson,M. Azim Surani,Anne McLaren,Neil Brockdorff +7 more
TL;DR: The molecular mechanism underlying X chromosome inactivation in female mammals involves the non-coding RNAs Xist and its antisense partner Tsix and Xist RNA becomes stabilised specifically on the inactivating X chromosome, and is discussed in the context of understanding X chromosome reactivation.
40
References
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TL;DR: Here are recorded the tech- niques for preparing, inserting and analysing DNA sequences, for retroviral infection of mice, for production and use of EC and EK cells as vehicles for engineered sequences and for nuclear transplantation - all against a background of the basic procedures required for pro- ducing and handling the em- bryos.
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Formation of Pluripotent Stem Cells in the Mammalian Embryo Depends on the POU Transcription Factor Oct4
Jennifer Nichols,Branko Zevnik,Konstantinos Anastassiadis,Hitoshi Niwa,Daniela Klewe-Nebenius,Ian Chambers,Hans R. Schöler,Austin Smith +7 more
TL;DR: It is reported that the activity of Oct4 is essential for the identity of the pluripotential founder cell population in the mammalian embryo and also determines paracrine growth factor signaling from stem cells to the trophectoderm.
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Transcriptional activation by tetracyclines in mammalian cells
Manfred Gossen,Sabine Freundlieb,Gabriele Bender,Gerhard Müller,Wolfgang Hillen,Hermann Bujard +5 more
TL;DR: Adding doxycycline to HeLa cells that constitutively synthesized the transactivator and that contained an appropriate, stably integrated reporter unit rapidly induced gene expression more than a thousandfold.
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A gene from the region of the human X inactivation centre is expressed exclusively from the inactive X chromosome
Carolyn J. Brown,Andrea Ballabio,James L. Rupert,Ronald G. Lafreniere,Markus Grompe,Rossana Tonlorenzi,Huntington F. Willard +6 more
TL;DR: This gene, called XIST (for Xi-specific transcripts), is a candidate for a gene either involved in or uniquely influenced by the process of X inactivation, and is described as an X-linked gene with a novel expression pattern.
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