Journal Article10.1001/ARCHPSYC.1965.01720310065008
A self-rating depression scale.
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TL;DR: The general depression scales used were felt to be insufficient for the purpose of this research project and the more specific scales were also inadequate.
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Abstract: The fact that there is a need for assessing depression, whether as an affect, a symptom, or a disorder is obvious by the numerous scales and inventories available and in use today. The need to assess depression simply and specifically as a psychiatric disorder has not been met by most scales available today. We became acutely aware of this situation in a research project where we needed to correlate both the presence and severity of a depressive disorder in patients with other parameters such as arousal response during sleep and changes with treatment of the depressive disorder. It was felt that the general depression scales used were insufficient for our purpose and that the more specific scales were also inadequate. These inadequacies related to factors such as the length of a scale or inventory being too long and too time consuming, especially for a patient
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Citations
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
TL;DR: The CES-D scale as discussed by the authors is a short self-report scale designed to measure depressive symptomatology in the general population, which has been used in household interview surveys and in psychiatric settings.
Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report
Jerome A. Yesavage,T. L. Brink,Terence L. Rose,Owen Lum,Virginia Huang,Michael Adey,Von O. Leirer +6 more
TL;DR: A new Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) designed specifically for rating depression in the elderly was tested for reliability and validity and compared with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRS-D) and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) as discussed by the authors.
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Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.
John Cox,Jeni Holden,R. Sagovsky +2 more
TL;DR: The development of a 10-item self-report scale (EPDS) to screen for Postnatal Depression in the community was found to have satisfactory sensitivity and specficity, and was also sensitive to change in the severity of depression over time.
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An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties.
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References
An inventory for measuring depression
TL;DR: The difficulties inherent in obtaining consistent and adequate diagnoses for the purposes of research and therapy have been pointed out and a wide variety of psychiatric rating scales have been developed.
Effect of Depressive Disorders on Sleep EEG Responses
TL;DR: The EEG investigations of Diaz-Guerrero et al. as discussed by the authors presented evidence that depressed patients exhibited twice as much lowvoltage or B stage sleep records, and only about half as much spindle and random-type records or D stage of sleep.
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Dimensions of manifest depression
TL;DR: Factor analysis is a methodology for the study of individual differences which leads to inferences concerning the nature of primary sources of variance responsible for this co-variation of symptom measures.