A pilot study of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of the choroid in normal eyes.

TL;DR: The choroidal thickening may reflect the ocular hemodynamic changes, and enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography may be a useful tool for the evaluation of orbital congestion and management of patients with Graves' disease and orbital involvement.

TL;DR: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has revolutionized retina diagnosis and management by providing detailed, in vivo imaging of retinal and choroidal structure and vascularization.

Abstract: Abstract Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) is the most common nonglaucomatous optic neuropathy in adults over 50 years of age. It is usually related to cardiovascular risk factors. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate choroidal thickness in patients with chronic NA-AION, and the secondary objective was to evaluate macular thickness in these patients. This cross-sectional study compared two groups: group 1 included 20 eyes of 20 patients with chronic NA-AION, and group 2 included 31 eyes of 31 healthy controls. In both groups, the choroidal thickness was measured using the enhanced depth imaging program of Heidelberg Spectralis® optical coherence tomography (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). The macular thickness was also measured using the automatic software of the same device. The mean follow-up time after NA-AION in group 1 was 57.17 ± 26.92 months. The mean choroidal thickness of the posterior pole was 244.38 ± 61.03 µm in group 1 and 214.18 ± 65.97 µm in group 2 (p = 0.004). The mean macular thickness was higher in group 2. Macular thickness is reduced in eyes that had an episode of NA-AION, whereas choroidal thickness is generally higher in these eyes when compared with normal eyes. The increase in choroidal thickness may be due to a local dysfunction in vascular autoregulatory mechanisms, which may predispose to ischemic phenomena.

TL;DR: In this paper, the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) was calculated as the proportion of luminal area (LA) to TCA.

TL;DR: Oral sildenafil is an effective, well-tolerated treatment for men with erectile dysfunction and is associated with improved erectile function in the dose-response study.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the efficacy and safety of sildenafil, administered as needed in two sequential double-blind studies of men with erectile dysfunction of organic, psychogenic, or mixed causes.

TL;DR: This series represented eyes in which the fundi were normal or showed various manifestations of senile macular degeneration, and the basal linear deposit seems to be a manifestation of gradual failure of the pigment epithelium and proved to be the most suitable criterion by which to study the natural history ofsenile macularity degeneration.

TL;DR: In advanced stages of age-related macular degeneration, the decrease in choriocapillary density and diameter was significantly larger than in normal maculae, but the thickness of the choroid and Bruch's membrane was the same.