A Paradigm Shift in Cancer Immunotherapy: From Enhancement to Normalization

TL;DR: Current progress in targeting the tumor microenvironment in both drug development and clinical trials is summarized and challenges are highlighted to achieve therapeutic efficacy and strategies to intervene in the pro-tumor microenvironment are discussed.

TL;DR: This Primer by Ramos-Casals and colleagues summarizes the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of immune-related adverse events and should be prescribed carefully to reduce the potential of short-term and long-term complications.

TL;DR: This review aims to support future research in combination immunotherapy by discussing the basic details of CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways and the results from clinical studies that evaluated combination of CT LA4 andPD-1/PD-L1 blockers.

TL;DR: Current knowledge of PD-L1 regulatory mechanisms at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional,post-translational, and extracellular levels are provided, and the implications of these findings in cancer diagnosis and immunotherapy are discussed.

TL;DR: Ipilimumab, with or without a gp100 peptide vaccine, as compared with gp100 alone, improved overall survival in patients with previously treated metastatic melanoma.

TL;DR: Although initially thought to be rare, the incidence rates of renal toxicities might be higher as identified by recent studies, Steroids appear to be effective in treating the immune-related adverse effects noted with these agents.

TL;DR: Anti-PD-1 antibody produced objective responses in approximately one in four to one in five patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, melanoma, or renal-cell cancer; the adverse-event profile does not appear to preclude its use.

TL;DR: Antibody-mediated blockade of PD-L1 induced durable tumor regression and prolonged stabilization of disease in patients with advanced cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer, melanoma, and renal-cell cancer.