Journal Article10.1038/384159A0
A new brain region for coordinating speech articulation
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TL;DR: All patients with articulatory planning deficits had lesions that included a discrete region of the left precentral gyms of the insula, a cortical area beneath the frontal and temporal lobes that seems to be specialized for the motor planning of speech.
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Abstract: HUMAN speech requires complex planning and coordination of mouth and tongue movements. Certain types of brain injury can lead to a condition known as apraxia of speech, in which patients are impaired in their ability to coordinate speech movements but their ability to perceive speech sounds, including their own errors, is unaffected1,3. The brain regions involved in coordinating speech, however, remain largely unknown. In this study, brain lesions of 25 stroke patients with a disorder in the motor planning of articulatory movements were compared with lesions of 19 patients without such deficits. A robust double dissociation was found between these two groups. All patients with articulatory planning deficits had lesions that included a discrete region of the left precentral gyms of the insula, a cortical area beneath the frontal and temporal lobes. This area was completely spared in all patients without these articulation deficits. Thus this area seems to be specialized for the motor planning of speech.
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Citations
Consonant and vowel discrimination by brain-damaged individuals: effects of phonological segmentation
TL;DR: In this article, the same-different discrimination tasks were conducted to explore consonant voicing and vowel discrimination abilities in groups of left and right-hemisphere-damaged individuals and normal controls.
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Developmental changes in brain activation involved in the production of novel speech sounds in children.
Hiroshi Hashizume,Yasuyuki Taki,Yuko Sassa,Benjamin Thyreau,Michiko Asano,Kohei Asano,Hikaru Takeuchi,Rui Nouchi,Yuka Kotozaki,Hyeonjeong Jeong,Motoaki Sugiura,Ryuta Kawashima +11 more
TL;DR: The data suggest that the recruitment of the left IFG pOp during the production of novel speech sounds was possibly enhanced due to the maturation of the neuronal circuits needed for speech motor planning, which would lead to improvement in the ability to immediately imitate non‐native speech.
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Cortical thickness analysis in operculo-insular epilepsy.
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TL;DR: Significant widespread thinning was observed in OIE patients as compared with healthy controls mainly in the ipsilateral insula, peri-rolandic region, orbito-frontal area, mesiotemporal structures and lateral temporal neocortex.
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Is song processing distinct and special in the auditory cortex?
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TL;DR: The significance of the notion that song processing is special in terms of how this might contribute to theories of the neurobiological origins of vocal communication and to the understanding of the neural circuitry underlying sound processing in the human cortex is discussed.
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References
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TL;DR: Comparisons of distribution of cerebral blood flow in these conditions localized the phonological store to the left supramarginal gyrus whereas the subvocal rehearsal system was associated with Broca's area, the first demonstration of the normal anatomy of the components of the 'articulatory loop'.
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•Book
Motor Speech Disorders
Frederic L. Darley,Arnold E. Aronson,Joe R. Brown +2 more
- 15 May 1975
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Cardiovascular effects of human insular cortex stimulation
TL;DR: This work believes this to be the first demonstration of cardiovascular changes elicitable during insular stimulation in humans, and of lateralization of such responses for a cortical site, and may be of relevance in predicting the autonomie effects of stroke in humans and in the explanation of sudden unexpected epileptic death.
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Motor Speech Disorders
TL;DR: The neurologist will find the chapters on principles of neurologic function and hierarchy of motor organization rather basic and many speech pathologists may find the section on motor speech examination somewhat devoid of detail.
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