A Modified Equivalent Factor Method Evaluation Model Based on Land Use Changes in Tianfu New Area

Q: What is the main land use in Tianfu New Area in 2010 and 2020?

The main land use in Tianfu New Area in 2010 and 2020 is farmland, accounting for 78.3% in 2010 and 62.0% in 2020. It is mainly distributed in the central and western parts of the area. Woodland and construction land follow, with woodland distributed in the Longquan Mountain area on the southeast side, and construction land mainly distributed in the area on the north side connected with the main city. Grassland, water body, and wetland make up a small percentage of the land use.

Q: What is the main cause of increased ESV per unit area in Tianfu New Area?

The main cause of increased ESV per unit area in Tianfu New Area from 2010 to 2020 is the conversion of farmland into water bodies and grasslands. This accounts for 80.5% of the land area with increased ESV per unit area. The land area with a lifting range of CNY 50-100 million/km 2, mainly composed of farmland converted into water bodies, experienced an increase in value per unit area of CNY 97.5 million/km 2. This area is concentrated in Xinglong Lake Area. Additionally, the land area with a lifting range of CNY 10-50 million/km 2, mainly composed of former water bodies, saw an increase in value per unit area of CNY 14.6 million/km 2. It is distributed in Sancha Lake, Longquan Lake, and Zhangjiayan Reservoir in the east and Minjiang River in the west. The types with the promotion range of CNY 0-10 million/km 2 are mainly composed of grassland converted into woodland and farmland converted into grassland, accounting for 82.1% of this interval. The area of both accounts increased by CNY 6.7 million/km 2 and CNY 4.4 million/km 2, respectively. It is distributed in the green space built in the northern urban construction area and near Longquan Mountain. Overall, the conversion of land use and the increase in value per unit area contribute to the spatial change of ESV in Tianfu New Area.

Q: What factors drive ESV change?

The factors driving ESV change include land use land cover (LULC) changes, ecological environment protection policies, and urban construction modes. From 2010 to 2020, a decrease in the correction coefficient N i1 led to varying degrees of decline in ESV per unit area of farmland, woodland, and grassland. The area of farmland and woodland decreased, while grassland increased, indicating that LULC change is a significant driving force of ESV. The ESV per unit area and land use area of wetland and water bodies increased, contributing to the growth of urban ESV. In Tianfu New Area, the implementation of ecological environment protection policies and the construction of water bodies and grasslands led to an 8.2% increase in urban ESV over 10 years. Similar results were observed in other regions, such as the green heart area of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan city group, where ESV increased by 11.21% from 2008 to 2018 due to orderly urban construction and protection. Overall, the impact of land use changes on urban ESV can be attributed to the combination of rational development and strict control of the ecological bottom line.

Question

1. What is the geographical location of Tianfu New Area?

2. What is the trend of ESV in Tianfu New Area from 2010 to 2020?

3. What is the Space-Time Correction of NPP (N i1 ) and how is it calculated?

4. How is the space-time correction model of natural geographical factors calculated?

Accepted Answer

Tianfu New Area is located between 30° 38' 38' N latitude and 104° 15' 34' E longitude. It encompasses various areas within Chengdu city and neighboring regions, covering a total planning area of 1578 km2. The area is situated on the southern edge of the Chengdu Plain, within the ecological protection zone at the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The region experiences four distinct seasons, a mild climate, and abundant rainfall, classified as a temperate subtropical monsoon climate zone. The area's elevation ranges from 350 to 1050 meters, with higher elevations concentrated in Longquan Mountain.

Accepted Answer

The total ESV of Tianfu New Area increased from CNY 8711.63 million in 2010 to CNY 9426.62 million in 2020. The main contributors to the total ESV were water body, farmland, and woodland. The contribution of water body increased significantly, becoming the first contributor to total ESV in 2020. The ESV of farmland and woodland showed a decreasing trend over the 10 years. The ESV of water body increased significantly due to the increase in water body area and the higher value coefficient of water body. The main reasons for the decrease in ESV of farmland and woodland are the reduction in their areas and the decrease in their value coefficients. The ESV of water supply increased due to the decrease in farmland area and the increase in water body area. The ESV per unit area of most services decreased, except for water regulation and water supply, which increased. The main contributors to the increase in ESV were water regulation and water supply, with the main consumption land use types being water supply, farmland, and wetland.

Accepted Answer

The Space-Time Correction of NPP (N i1 ) is used to correct the space-time heterogeneity of food production, raw materials, gas regulation, climate regulation, waste treatment, and nutrient cycling in farmland, woodland, grassland, wetland, and desert. The equation for calculating N i1 is as follows: N i1 = (N i / N), where N i refers to the annual average NPP in area i, and N refers to the national annual average NPP.

Accepted Answer

The space-time correction model of natural geographical factors is calculated using Equation (7). It involves the equivalent coefficient of the ecosystem (V ijcm) after space-time correction in a specific area (i). The equation considers the t-type space-time correction (N i1, N i2, N i3, N i4, N i5) based on Equations (2-6). V t represents the coefficient proposed by Gaodi Xie et al. before space-time corrections. The model includes five factors: food production (V 1), raw materials (V 1), gas regulation (V 1), climate regulation (V 1), waste treatment (V 1), nutrient cycling (V 1), water supply and regulation (V 2), soil conservation (V 3), biodiversity (V 4), and aesthetic landscape (V 5).

Accepted Answer

Space-Time Correction of Resource Scarcity (S i1) is a method used to correct the space-time heterogeneity of 11 ecosystem services (ESs) in 6 ecosystems. It utilizes the logarithm of population density to construct S i1, where R i represents the average population density in area i, and R refers to the national average population density. This correction helps in understanding the impact of population density on resource scarcity and its implications for socio-economic factors.

Accepted Answer

The elasticity of ESV due to LULC changes refers to the response of total ESV to the change in land use and land cover (LULC). It is calculated by determining the percentage change of ESV relative to the percentage change of LULC. This elasticity, denoted as EEL, helps understand how ESV varies with LULC changes over a specific research period (T). The calculation method involves comparing the initial and final ESV (ESV i and ESV j), the area change of each LULC type (LCA i), and the percentage of land conversion (LTP). By analyzing these factors, researchers can gain insights into the relationship between ESV and LULC changes, aiding in effective land management and conservation strategies.

Accepted Answer

Sensitivity analysis determines ESV changes by analyzing the relationship between ESs value coefficient (VC) and ESV. The coefficient of sensitivity (CS) is used to understand the total ESV change level caused by the change of the VC of a specific LULC type. If CS > 1, ESV is more flexible to VC, indicating low reliability of results. If CS < 1, ESV lacks flexibility to VC, indicating more reliable results. Sensitivity analysis is widely used to understand ESV changes caused by changes in VC [22, 31, 32].

Accepted Answer

The main land use in Tianfu New Area in 2010 and 2020 is farmland, accounting for 78.3% in 2010 and 62.0% in 2020. It is mainly distributed in the central and western parts of the area. Woodland and construction land follow, with woodland distributed in the Longquan Mountain area on the southeast side, and construction land mainly distributed in the area on the north side connected with the main city. Grassland, water body, and wetland make up a small percentage of the land use.

Accepted Answer

The main cause of increased ESV per unit area in Tianfu New Area from 2010 to 2020 is the conversion of farmland into water bodies and grasslands. This accounts for 80.5% of the land area with increased ESV per unit area. The land area with a lifting range of CNY 50-100 million/km 2, mainly composed of farmland converted into water bodies, experienced an increase in value per unit area of CNY 97.5 million/km 2. This area is concentrated in Xinglong Lake Area. Additionally, the land area with a lifting range of CNY 10-50 million/km 2, mainly composed of former water bodies, saw an increase in value per unit area of CNY 14.6 million/km 2. It is distributed in Sancha Lake, Longquan Lake, and Zhangjiayan Reservoir in the east and Minjiang River in the west. The types with the promotion range of CNY 0-10 million/km 2 are mainly composed of grassland converted into woodland and farmland converted into grassland, accounting for 82.1% of this interval. The area of both accounts increased by CNY 6.7 million/km 2 and CNY 4.4 million/km 2, respectively. It is distributed in the green space built in the northern urban construction area and near Longquan Mountain. Overall, the conversion of land use and the increase in value per unit area contribute to the spatial change of ESV in Tianfu New Area.

Accepted Answer

The factors driving ESV change include land use land cover (LULC) changes, ecological environment protection policies, and urban construction modes. From 2010 to 2020, a decrease in the correction coefficient N i1 led to varying degrees of decline in ESV per unit area of farmland, woodland, and grassland. The area of farmland and woodland decreased, while grassland increased, indicating that LULC change is a significant driving force of ESV. The ESV per unit area and land use area of wetland and water bodies increased, contributing to the growth of urban ESV. In Tianfu New Area, the implementation of ecological environment protection policies and the construction of water bodies and grasslands led to an 8.2% increase in urban ESV over 10 years. Similar results were observed in other regions, such as the green heart area of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan city group, where ESV increased by 11.21% from 2008 to 2018 due to orderly urban construction and protection. Overall, the impact of land use changes on urban ESV can be attributed to the combination of rational development and strict control of the ecological bottom line.

Accepted Answer

In Tianfu New Area, urban scale is determined by analyzing multiple factors such as land, ecology, and water resources. The short-board factor of bearing capacity is identified, and predictions are made based on careful consideration of each factor's carrying capacity. The element of bearing capacity shortage, specifically the water resource factor, ultimately controls the urban scale. This approach ensures that the planning and construction scale of Tianfu New Area do not exceed the regional natural ecological environment's bearing capacity. By considering resource constraints and starting from the perspective of resource-bearing capacity, Tianfu New Area aims to achieve sustainable development and avoid overburdening the regional ecological environment.

Accepted Answer

Tianfu New Area proposes a planning and management model that combines expert consultation, administrative decision-making, and a 'flat collaborative parallel' technology. This model is market-oriented and encourages wide participation from the masses. It ensures the seriousness of planning and management decisions and provides technical support for achieving the goal of 'drawing the blueprint to the end'. The model also emphasizes the importance of ecology before industry and promotes large-scale afforestation actions to increase urban and rural green spaces. The external evaluation recognizes the excellent ecological environment of Tianfu New Area, attributing its achievements to overall planning and continuous efforts.

Accepted Answer

Urban ESV in ecological land distribution is influenced by the proportion distribution of ecological land and urban construction land, as well as the area and spatial distribution of different land use types within ecological land. Additionally, differences in production capacity of the same land use type play a crucial role. In the case of Tianfu New Area, issues such as imbalance in land use types and the need for quality improvement were identified. The low proportion of land use types like water bodies, wetlands, and woodlands with high ESV per unit area affects the overall ESV efficiency. To enhance ESV, ecological space planning should consider terrain and existing ecological elements, such as mountain distribution and water systems. The spatial layout of woodlands, water bodies, and wetlands should be systematically planned, and the proportion of different ecological lands should be adjusted. Vigorous tree and forest planting in ecologically sensitive areas, like mountains and steep slopes, can transform them into landscape types with high ESV per unit area, such as woodlands, wetlands, and water bodies.

Accepted Answer

Future research can focus on exploring the role of urban construction land in ESV and its impact mechanism. This can be done by considering the significant difference between urban construction land and urban ecological space in ESV contribution. By conducting special research, the impact of urban construction land on ESV can be better understood and evaluated. This research can also take into account the specific natural geography and socio-economic conditions of different regions, allowing for the application of the research approach proposed in this study to other contexts. By choosing representative correction factors, the ESV value coefficient of space-time heterogeneity can be revised, providing a more comprehensive understanding of ESV in different regions.

Accepted Answer

The main types of land conversion in Tianfu New Area are the conversion of farmland into construction land, farmland into grassland, and farmland into water bodies. The area of water bodies increased significantly, with a land use dynamic index (K) of 3.16% for water bodies and 2.27% for grasslands, indicating a significant growth trend. These land conversions have ecological effects due to rapid urbanization in the area.

A Modified Equivalent Factor Method Evaluation Model Based on Land Use Changes in Tianfu New Area

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Most frequently asked questions

1. What is the geographical location of Tianfu New Area?

2. What is the trend of ESV in Tianfu New Area from 2010 to 2020?

3. What is the Space-Time Correction of NPP (N i1 ) and how is it calculated?

4. How is the space-time correction model of natural geographical factors calculated?

5. What is Space-Time Correction of Resource Scarcity (S i1)?

6. What is the elasticity of ESV due to LULC changes?

7. How does sensitivity analysis determine ESV changes?

8. What is the main land use in Tianfu New Area in 2010 and 2020?

9. What is the main cause of increased ESV per unit area in Tianfu New Area?

10. What factors drive ESV change?

11. What factors determine urban scale in Tianfu New Area?

12. What planning and management model does Tianfu New Area propose?

13. What factors influence urban ESV in ecological land distribution?

14. What future research can explore the impact of urban construction land on ESV?

15. What are the main types of land conversion in Tianfu New Area?

Citations

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Ecological impacts and supply demand evolution of the Yangtze to Huaihe water transfer project in Anhui section

Exploring the Impact of Climate Variables and Scenario Simulation on Ecosystem Service Value Profits and Losses in China

Land use dynamics and ecosystem service valuation in the Sanmenxia Reservoir wetland of the Yellow River

Ecosystem service value in the context of urbanization: Comparison among economic-social regions of Vietnam

References

The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital

Twenty years of ecosystem services: How far have we come and how far do we still need to go?

Expert Knowledge Based Valuation Method of Ecosystem Services in China

Change in ecosystem service values in the San Antonio area, Texas

Ecosystem services response to urbanization in metropolitan areas: Thresholds identification

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