A large role of missing volatile organic compound reactivity from anthropogenic emissions in ozone pollution regulation

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper was to develop an eco-friendly water-based ink with excellent performance via using polyacrylate emulsion prepared by semi-continuous seed. During the emulsion polymerization process, green and renewable non-ionic surfactant alkyl polyglycoside (APG) combined with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used as the emulsifier. Design/methodology/approach The as-prepared emulsion was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and an atomic force microscope. The synthesis conditions of polyacrylate latex were optimized by the L9 (34) orthogonal test. Using the resultant polyacrylate latex as the binder, a new water-based ink was achieved and its printing performance was compared with that of the ink prepared by the OP-10/SDS emulsifying system. Findings Optimum synthetic conditions (including the hard-to-soft monomer ratio and the dosage of functional monomer, complex emulsifier and initiator) were 5:4, 2%, 6% and 0.4%, respectively. The results showed that the initial dryness of the water-based ink prepared with the proposed green emulsifier was almost the same as that of the traditional emulsifier (OP-10/SDS). And both of the inks exhibited good adhesion properties on polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene films, especially on polyethylene substrates, that reached 100%. Originality/value Polyacrylate emulsion synthesized with the renewable emulsifier was used as the binder for water-based ink. The obtained ink exhibited excellent properties and potential applications in the field of packaging and printing. In a word, an excellent eco-friendly water-based ink with two main properties – adhesion and dryness being improved was developed by using renewable emulsifier.

TL;DR: This study in Shanghai megacity reveals that combustion emissions play a greater role in reactive organic gases (ROG) than previously thought, with PAMS measurements underestimating combustion-related ROG emissions by 55.9% and 75.3% in carbon concentration and OH reactivity, respectively.

TL;DR: Molecular and seasonal characteristics of organic vapors in urban Beijing are investigated using Vocus-PTR measurements. CxHyOz species dominate the total organics, and a large number of sub-ppt level species and organics with multiple oxygens are discovered. Organic vapors with multiple oxygens mainly consist of intermediate volatility and semi-volatile compounds and increase in summer due to fast photooxidation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of several possible tracers for biomass burning is compared by using acetonitrile as a reference compound, and the correlations between the possible tracer and acetetitrile show that the use of K + as a tracer could result in bias because of the existence of other K + sources in urban areas, while chloromethane is not reliable due to its wide use as industrial chemical.

TL;DR: In this article, high-time-resolution (10 s ) measurements of higher alkanes were performed using NO+ chemical ionization in proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry ( NO+ PTR-ToF-MS) at an urban site in Guangzhou in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and at a rural site in the North China Plain (NCP).

TL;DR: In this article, the distribution of volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations and compositions at different sites revealed photochemical losses of hydrocarbons and secondary formation of carbonyls.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used an observation-based model with the RACM2 (Regional Atmospheric Chemical Mechanism version 2) to understand the daytime missing reactivity in Beijing by adding unmeasured oxygenated volatile organic compounds and simulated intermediates of the degradation from primary volatile organic compound (VOCs).