A Lagrange Multiplier Test for Cross-Sectional Dependence in a Fixed Effects Panel Data Model

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors examined the relationship between TNRs and economic growth in the presence of control variables and concluded that natural resource rent is detrimental to the expansion of the economy in high-income countries.

TL;DR: This study examines determinants of non-performing loans in the Eurozone (2015-2020) and finds significant spatial spillover effects, bank-specific, and macroeconomic factors influencing NPLs, with GDP growth, inflation, and exchange rates being key predictors.

Abstract: Agricultural productivity is a cornerstone of food security, poverty alleviation, and sustainable development. While traditional determinants such as land, labor, credit, and water have been widely studied, the broader role of national productive capacities remains underexplored, particularly in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This study investigates the impact of productive capacities on agricultural productivity in 42 BRI countries from 2000 to 2024, using the Productive Capacities Index (PCI) alongside conventional inputs. The study employed the system GMM and 2SLS econometric techniques and then employed other econometric techniques such as Driscoll-Kraay, Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), and Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) to check the robustness of the results. It is found that higher productive capacities significantly enhance agricultural productivity, while access to credit, land expansion, and water availability also play critical roles. Labor contributions, however, show mixed effects, suggesting inefficiencies in labor-intensive farming systems. By integrating PCI, this study provides a novel, cross-sectoral perspective on agricultural development. The findings underscore the importance of strengthening infrastructure, technology, institutions, and human capital within the BRI framework to foster sustainable agricultural growth and regional food security.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a two-way error component regression model for estimating the likelihood of a particular item in a set of data points in a single-dimensional graph.

TL;DR: In this article, a typology of Spatial Econometric Models is presented, and the maximum likelihood approach to estimate and test Spatial Process Models is proposed, as well as alternative approaches to Inference in Spatial process models.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed simple tests of error cross section dependence which are applicable to a variety of panel data models, including stationary and unit root dynamic heterogeneous panels with short T and large N.