A functional genetic approach identifies the PI3K pathway as a major determinant of trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer.

TL;DR: The current milieu of therapeutic options for patients resistant or refractory to trastuzumab, the first line monoclonal antibody directed at HER2, is described in terms of mechanism of action and influence on patient care.

TL;DR: A role for RA signaling in HDACI-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis is indicated, and the current literature on PRAME expression and function in cancer is reviewed.

TL;DR: Since these early days of cancer chemotherapy, the increased knowledge of the cancer genome and the development of new drug discovery technologies, such as quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR), highthroughput screening (HTS), nuclearmagnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray diffraction, and protein–ligand cocrystallography, have paved the way for targeted andmultitargeted cancer therapeutics.

TL;DR: It is proposed that different mathematical techniques used in the nascent field of systems biology (ordinary differential equation-based, S-systems, and Bayesian approaches) may provide promising new avenues to improve prediction in clinical and pathological practice.

TL;DR: Although they escaped notice until relatively recently, miRNAs comprise one of the more abundant classes of gene regulatory molecules in multicellular organisms and likely influence the output of many protein-coding genes.

TL;DR: The current understanding of miRNA target recognition in animals is outlined and the widespread impact of miRNAs on both the expression and evolution of protein-coding genes is discussed.

TL;DR: Variation in gene expression patterns in a set of 65 surgical specimens of human breast tumours from 42 different individuals were characterized using complementary DNA microarrays representing 8,102 human genes, providing a distinctive molecular portrait of each tumour.

TL;DR: The addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy was associated with a longer time to disease progression, a higher rate of objective response, a longer duration of response, and a lower rate of death at 1 year.