A functional genetic approach identifies the PI3K pathway as a major determinant of trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer.

TL;DR: Multigene approaches and novel microarray platforms such as the next-generation sequencing technology are feasible in clinical practice in order to assess the prognosis more precisely and to identify new molecular targets for developing more effective drugs in the near future.

TL;DR: This chapter discusses the role of autophagy in the development of breast cancer recurrence and some of the mechanisms behind its development.

TL;DR: The aim of cancer research is to identify treatment approaches improving overall survival with a good quality of life, and novel anticancer therapies mostly arise from insights in preclinical studies, and provided that they have looked promising in vitro and in animal models, they have to be tested in humans.

TL;DR: This clinical trial serves as an excellent case study to examine the opportunities and pitfalls of this maturing model of translational research and one of the more studied mechanisms of hormonal therapy, namely the activation of growth factor receptor–associated signaling, was used as the basis for the underlying hypothesis that modulation of signal transduction pathways might improve the efficacy of hormonal Therapy.

TL;DR: Although they escaped notice until relatively recently, miRNAs comprise one of the more abundant classes of gene regulatory molecules in multicellular organisms and likely influence the output of many protein-coding genes.

TL;DR: The current understanding of miRNA target recognition in animals is outlined and the widespread impact of miRNAs on both the expression and evolution of protein-coding genes is discussed.

TL;DR: Variation in gene expression patterns in a set of 65 surgical specimens of human breast tumours from 42 different individuals were characterized using complementary DNA microarrays representing 8,102 human genes, providing a distinctive molecular portrait of each tumour.

TL;DR: The addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy was associated with a longer time to disease progression, a higher rate of objective response, a longer duration of response, and a lower rate of death at 1 year.