Open Access
A Distributed, Physically-Based, Rainfall-Runoff Model Incorporating Topography for Real-Time Flood Forecasting
Mariza C. Cabral,Rafael L. Bras,David G. Tarboton,Dara Entekhabi +3 more
- 01 Oct 1990
TL;DR: In this article, a physically-based model of runoff generation in a catchment, for operation use in flood forecasting, is presented, which accounts for both the infiltration excess and saturation excess mechanisms of runoff production from watersheds, and for lateral subsurface flows.
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Abstract: : This report presents a distributed, physically-based model of runoff generation in a catchment, for operation use in flood forecasting. The model accounts for both the infiltration excess and saturation excess mechanisms of runoff production from watersheds, and for lateral subsurface flows. The effect of local terrain slope and topography on subsurface flows and the development of areas of saturated soil is accounted for. The model uses spatial discretization into rectangular elements which correspond to the grid of a digital elevation map. Each basin element consists of a soil column in which hydraulic conductivity decreases with depth, in the form of an exponential function. Spatial discretization allows for distributed terrain slope, soil parameters, moisture conditions, and rainfall inputs. Time discretization allows for consideration of time-variable rainfall rates. The mathematical models uses the kinematic approximation of infiltration and subsurface water flow which is assumed to occur only within the porous soil matrix. The kinematic model of infiltration is used to show how decreasing conductivity with depth may result in the development of a zone of perched saturation during a rainstorm, and that the water flow in the perched saturated zone is diverted laterally if the terrain is inclined.
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Citations
Mathematical modeling of watershed hydrology.
TL;DR: In this article, a historical perspective of watershed hydrology modeling is provided, and new developments and challenges in watershed models are discussed, while model validation, error propagation, and analyses of uncertainty, risk, and reliability have not been treated as thoroughly.
Determination of the drainage structure of a watershed using a digital elevation model and a digital river and lake network
Richard Turcotte,Jean-Pierre Fortin,Alain N. Rousseau,Serge Massicotte,Jean-Pierre Villeneuve +4 more
TL;DR: In this article, a new approach, using a digital river and lake network (DRLN) as input in addition to the digital elevation model (DEM), has been developed, which allows an accurate fit between the DRLN and the modelled drainage structure, which is represented by a flow direction matrix and a modelled watercourse network.
323
Runoff model sensitivity to radar rainfall resolution
Fred L. Ogden,Pierre Y. Julien +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a two-dimensional physically-based rainfall runoff model is used to determine the effect of precipitation data spatial resolution on computed outflow hydrographs in semi-arid watersheds.
143
Fully Stochastic Distributed Methodology for Multivariate Flood Frequency Analysis
TL;DR: In this article, a probabilistic calibration-simulation approach is proposed to characterize the extreme behavior of the basin considering the basin variability and overcoming the basin initial state problem, which considers the initial state and the model parameters as random variables characterized by a probability distribution through a Monte Carlo simulation.
14
References
Capillary conduction of liquids through porous mediums
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used Darcey's law to derive the equation K∇2ψ+∇K·∇ψ +g∂K/∂z=−ρsA∆ψ/∆t for the capillary conduction of liquids in porous mediums.
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The hydraulic geometry of stream channels and some physiographic implications
Luna Bergere Leopold,Thomas Maddock +1 more
- 01 Jan 1953
TL;DR: In this paper, the hydraulic characteristics of stream channels are measured quantitatively and vary with discharge as simple power functions at a given river cross section, and similar variations in relation to discharge exist among the cross sections along the length of a river under the condition that discharge at all points is equal in frequency of occurrence.
Topographic Partition of Watersheds with Digital Elevation Models
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a methodology for parameterization of a distributed components approach to watershed simulation, which is designed to aid in the efficient parameterization and organization of watershed data as input to hydrologic simulation models.
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Radar Measurement of Rainfall—A Summary
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors find that both confusion and misunderstanding exist about the inherent ability of radar to measure rainfall, about factors that contribute to errors, and about the importance of careful calibration and signal processing.
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