A Course on Damage Mechanics

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a detailed analysis of the physical properties of the solid state and damage, including elasticity, deformation, shrinkage, and elasticity of the material.

Abstract: 1 Phenomenological Aspects of Damage.- 1.1 Physical Nature of the Solid State and Damage.- 1.1.1 Atoms, Elasticity and Damage.- 1.1.2 Slips, Plasticity and Irreversible Strains.- 1.1.3 Scale of the Phenomena of Strain and Damage.- 1.1.4 Different Manifestations of Damage.- 1.1.5 Exercise on Micrographic Observations.- 1.2 Mechanical Representation of Damage.- 1.2.1 One-Dimensional Surface Damage Variable.- 1.2.2 Effective Stress Concept.- 1.2.3 Strain Equivalence Principle.- 1.2.4 Coupling Between Strains and Damage Rupture Criterion Damage Threshold.- 1.2.5 Exercise on the Micromechanics of the Effective Damage Area.- 1.3 Measurement of Damage.- 1.3.1 Direct Measurements.- 1.3.2 Variation of the Elasticity Modulus.- 1.3.3 Variation of the Microhardness.- 1.3.4 Other Methods.- 1.3.5 Exercise on Measurement of Damage by the Stress Amplitude Drop.- 2 Thermodynamics and Micromechanics of Damage.- 2.1 Three-Dimensional Analysis of Isotropic Damage.- 2.1.1 Thermodynamical Variables, State Potential.- 2.1.2 Damage Equivalent Stress Criterion.- 2.1.3 Potential of Dissipation.- 2.1.4 Strain-Damage Coupled Constitutive Equations.- 2.1.5 Exercise on the Identification of Material Parameters.- 2.2 Analysis of Anisotropic Damage.- 2.2.1 Geometrical Definition of a Second-Order Damage Tensor.- 2.2.2 Thermodynamical Definition of a Fourth-Order Damage Tensor.- 2.2.3 Energetic Definition of a Double Scalar Variable.- 2.2.4 Exercise on Anisotropic Damage in Proportional Loading.- 2.3 Micromechanics of Damage.- 2.3.1 Brittle Isotropie Damage.- 2.3.2 Ductile Isotropie Damage.- 2.3.3 Anisotropie Damage.- 2.3.4 Microcrack Closure Effect, Unilateral Conditions.- 2.3.5 Damage Localization and Instability.- 2.3.6 Exercise on the Fiber Bundle System.- 3 Kinetic Laws of Damage Evolution.- 3.1 Unified Formulation of Damage Laws.- 3.1.1 General Properties and Formulation.- 3.1.2 Stored Energy Damage Threshold.- 3.1.3 Three-Dimensional Rupture Criterion.- 3.1.4 Case of Elastic-Perfectly Plastic and Damageable Materials.- 3.1.5 Identification of the Material Parameters.- 3.1.6 Exercise on Identification by a Low Cycle Test.- 3.2 Brittle Damage of Metals, Ceramics, Composites and Concrete.- 3.2.1 Pure Brittle Damage.- 3.2.2 Quasi-brittle Damage.- 3.2.3 Exercise on the Influence of the Triaxiality on Rupture.- 3.3 Ductile and Creep Damage of Metals and Polymers.- 3.3.1 Ductile Damage.- 3.3.2 Exercises on the Fracture Limits in Metal Forming.- 3.3.3 Creep Damage.- 3.3.4 Exercise on Isochronous Creep Damage Curves.- 3.4 Fatigue Damage.- 3.4.1 Low Cycle Fatigue.- 3.4.2 Exercise on Creep Fatigue Interaction.- 3.4.3 High Cycle Fatigue.- 3.4.4 Exercise on Damage Accumulation.- 3.5 Damage of Interfaces.- 3.5.1 Continuity of the Stress and Strain Vectors.- 3.5.2 Strain Surface Energy Release Rate.- 3.5.3 Kinetic Law of Debonding Damage Evolution.- 3.5.4 Simplified Model.- 3.5.5 Exercise on a Debonding Criterion for Interfaces.- 3.6 Table of Material Parameters.- 4 Analysis of Crack Initiation in Structures.- 4.1 Stress-Strain Analysis.- 4.1.1 Stress Concentrations.- 4.1.2 Neuter's Method.- 4.1.3 Finite Element Method.- 4.1.4 Exercise on the Stress Concentration Near a Hole.- 4.2 Uncoupled Analysis of Crack Initiation.- 4.2.1 Determination of the Critical Point(s).- 4.2.2 Integration of the Kinetic Damage Law.- 4.2.3 Exercise on Fatigue Crack Initiation Near a Hole.- 4.3 Locally Coupled Analysis.- 4.3.1 Localization of Damage.- 4.3.2 Postprocessing of Damage Growth.- 4.3.3 Description and Listing of the Postprocessor DAMAGE 90.- 4.3.4 Exercises Using the DAMAGE 90 Postprocessor.- 4.4 Fully Coupled Analysis.- 4.4.1 Initial Strain Hardening and Damage.- 4.4.2 Example of a Calculation Using the Finite Element Method.- 4.4.3 Growth of Damaged Zones and Macrocracks.- 4.4.4 Exercise on Damage Zone at a Crack Tip.- 4.5 Statistical Analysis with Microdefects.- 4.5.1 Initial Defects.- 4.5.2 Case of Brittle Materials.- 4.5.3 Case of Quasi Brittle Materials.- 4.5.4 Case of Ductile Materials.- 4.5.5 Volume Effect.- 4.5.6 Effect of Stress Heterogeneity.- 4.5.7 Exercise on Bending Fatigue of a Beam.- History of International Damage Mechanics Conferences.- Authors and Subject Index.