Journal Article10.3390/ijms25137183
A Comprehensive Approach to Parkinson’s Disease: Addressing Its Molecular, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects
M Alvarez,Gabriela Cano-Herrera,María Fernanda Osorio Martínez,Joaquín Vega Gonzales-Portillo,Germán Rivera Monroy,Renata Murguiondo Pérez,Jorge Alejandro Torres-Ríos,Ximena A. van Tienhoven,Ernesto Marcelo Garibaldi Bernot,Felipe Esparza Salazar,Antonio Ibarra +10 more
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TL;DR: A comparative comprehensive review of the conventional and the latest therapeutic advancements and emerging treatments for PD is provided to provide a comparative comprehensive review of the conventional and the latest therapeutic advancements.
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Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a gradually worsening neurodegenerative disorder affecting the nervous system, marked by a slow progression and varied symptoms. It is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting over six million people in the world. Its multifactorial etiology includes environmental, genomic, and epigenetic factors. Clinical symptoms consist of non-motor and motor symptoms, with motor symptoms being the classic presentation. Therapeutic approaches encompass pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and surgical interventions. Traditional pharmacological treatment consists of administering drugs (MAOIs, DA, and levodopa), while emerging evidence explores the potential of antidiabetic agents for neuroprotection and gene therapy for attenuating parkinsonian symptoms. Non-pharmacological treatments, such as exercise, a calcium-rich diet, and adequate vitamin D supplementation, aim to slow disease progression and prevent complications. For those patients who have medically induced side effects and/or refractory symptoms, surgery is a therapeutic option. Deep brain stimulation is the primary surgical option, associated with motor symptom improvement. Levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel infusion through percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy and a portable infusion pump succeeded in reducing "off" time, where non-motor and motor symptoms occur, and increasing "on" time. This article aims to address the general aspects of PD and to provide a comparative comprehensive review of the conventional and the latest therapeutic advancements and emerging treatments for PD. Nevertheless, further studies are required to optimize treatment and provide suitable alternatives.
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Citations
Parkinson’s Disease: Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Disease Progression
Rakesh Arya,A. K. M. Ariful Haque,Hemlata Shakya,Md. Masum Billah,Anzana Parvin,Md. Mafizur Rahman,K M Nazmus Sakib,Hossain Md. Faruquee,Vijay Kumar,Jong-Joo Kim +9 more
TL;DR: This study reviews biochemical, neuroimaging, and genetic biomarkers for Parkinson's disease diagnosis and progression, highlighting α-synuclein, GFAP, and the dopaminergic system as promising indicators, and emphasizing the need for reliable biomarkers to improve diagnosis and prognosis.
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Redox Homeostasis, Gut Microbiota, and Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review
Constantin Munteanu,Anca‐Irina Galaction,Marius Turnea,Corneliu Dan Blendea,Mariana Rotariu,Mădălina Poştaru +5 more
TL;DR: This systematic review of 161 studies reveals oxidative stress as a central factor in neurodegenerative diseases, with gut microbiota composition and epigenetic modifications influencing redox balance, identifying potential therapeutic targets for redox homeostasis modulation.
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A comprehensive review of natural compounds and their structure–activity relationship in Parkinson’s disease: exploring potential mechanisms
Rana M. Merghany,Salma A. El-Sawi,Asmaa F. Aboul Naser,Shahira M. Ezzat,Sherifa Fahmy Moustafa,Meselhy R. Meselhy +5 more
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