A comparison of narrative exposure therapy, supportive counseling, and psychoeducation for treating posttraumatic stress disorder in an african refugee settlement.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identified individual differences that increase vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and found that reduced extinction learning and neuroticism are pre-trauma vulnerability factors for PTSD.

TL;DR: Language proficiency may adversely affect the mental health of male Somali refugees, contrary to findings in other immigrant groups.

TL;DR: In this paper, a meta-analysis showed that CBT was associated with a significant decrease in depressive symptoms among persons of African descent, and the medium, statistically significant summary effect was fairly similar to outcomes of other meta-analyses.

TL;DR: In this paper, a qualitative analysis of the experience of the genocide of Tutsi in Rwanda is presented, where the authors describe a set of strategies to cope with the consequences debilitante associees au vecu de la violence.

Abstract: 1. The integrated wholeness of the organism must be one of the foundation stones of motivation theory. 2. The hunger drive (or any other physiological drive) was rejected as a centering point or model for a definitive theory of motivation. Any drive that is somatically based and localizable was shown to be atypical rather than typical in human motivation. 3. Such a theory should stress and center itself upon ultimate or basic goals rather than partial or superficial ones, upon ends rather than means to these ends. Such a stress would imply a more central place for unconscious than for conscious motivations. 4. There are usually available various cultural paths to the same goal. Therefore conscious, specific, local-cultural desires are not as fundamental in motivation theory as the more basic, unconscious goals. 5. Any motivated behavior, either preparatory or consummatory, must be understood to be a channel through which many basic needs may be simultaneously expressed or satisfied. Typically an act has more than one motivation. 6. Practically all organismic states are to be understood as motivated and as motivating. 7. Human needs arrange themselves in hierarchies of prepotency. That is to say, the appearance of one need usually rests on the prior satisfaction of another, more pre-potent need. Man is a perpetually wanting animal. Also no need or drive can be treated as if it were isolated or discrete; every drive is related to the state of satisfaction or dissatisfaction of other drives. 8. Lists of drives will get us nowhere for various theoretical and practical reasons. Furthermore any classification of motivations

TL;DR: Twenty cross-sectional and longitudinal tests of empirical validity previously published for the 36-item short-form scales and summary measures were replicated for the 12-item Physical Component Summary and the12-item Mental Component Summary, including comparisons between patient groups known to differ or to change in terms of the presence and seriousness of physical and mental conditions.

TL;DR: A cognitive model of persistence of PTSD is proposed that is consistent with the main clinical features of PTSD, helps explain several apparently puzzling phenomena and provides a framework for treatment by identifying three key targets for change.