A chitosan-modified graphene nanogel for noninvasive controlled drug release

TL;DR: This review of nanogels, particularly in the form of composites or hybrids applied in nanomedicine, will describe nanosized crosslinked polymer networks capable of absorbing large quantities of water.

TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-analyses of the chiral stationary phase replacement process and its applications in bioreactor engineering and nanofiltration .

TL;DR: Graphene-based nanosystems exhibit multifunctional properties that are useful for PTT applications including enhancement of multimodalities, guided imaging, enhanced chemotherapy and low-power efficient PTT for optimum therapeutic efficiency.

TL;DR: The natural hydrogel extracted from the seeds of the Plantago ovata, loaded on the bed of magnetic iron nanoparticles, was used to entrap the drug mefenamic acid. The drug release was checked by UV-Vis device and the results indicated that the drug can be directed in a controlled and targeted manner by the magnetic field, and the release of the drug was done well and at an acceptable speed.

TL;DR: Nanomechanical systems that are designed to trap and release molecules from pores in response to a stimulus are currently the subject of intense investigation and have potential applications for precise drug delivery.

Abstract: An elusive goal for systemic drug delivery is to provide both spatial and temporal control of drug release. Liposomes have been evaluated as drug delivery vehicles for decades, but their clinical significance has been limited by slow release or poor availability of the encapsulated drug. Here we show that near-complete liposome release can be initiated within seconds by irradiating hollow gold nanoshells (HGNs) with a near-infrared (NIR) pulsed laser. Our findings reveal that different coupling methods such as having the HGNs tethered to, encapsulated within, or suspended freely outside the liposomes, all triggered liposome release but with different levels of efficiency. For the underlying content release mechanism, our experiments suggest that the microbubble formation and collapse due to the rapid temperature increase of the HGN is responsible for liposome disruption, as evidenced by the formation of solid gold particles after the NIR irradiation and the coincidence of a laser power threshold for both triggered release and pressure fluctuations in the solution associated with cavitation. These effects are similar to those induced by ultrasound and our approach is conceptually analogous to the use of optically triggered nano-"sonicators" deep inside the body for drug delivery. We expect HGNs can be coupled with any nanocarriers to promote spatially and temporally controlled drug release. In addition, the capability of external HGNs to permeabilize lipid membranes can facilitate the cellular uptake of macromolecules including proteins and DNA and allow for promising applications in gene therapy.

TL;DR: It is shown that continuous-wave near-infrared (NIR) light can be used to induce the gel-sol transition and release large, inactive biomacromolecules entrapped in the hydrogel into aqueous solution "on demand", where their bioactivity is recovered.

TL;DR: In this article, a dual application of intravenously injected short single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as photoluminescent agents for in vivo tumor imaging in the 1.0-1.4 µm emission region and as NIR absorbers and heaters at 808 nm was demonstrated.