A chaperone cascade sorts proteins for posttranslational membrane insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum.

TL;DR: The Guided Entry of Tail-anchored protein system is responsible for the insertion of TA proteins into the ER in Arabidopsis, and mutants with GET dysfunctions are more susceptible to ER stress.

TL;DR: It is shown that Asna1β−/− mice develop hypoinsulinemia, impaired insulin secretion, and glucose intolerance that rapidly progresses to overt diabetes, and pharmacological inhibition of retrograde transport in isolated islets and insulinoma cells mimicked the phenotype of Asna2/− β-cells and resulted in reduced insulin content and ER stress.

TL;DR: Ca2+‐calmodulin (CaM) appears to regulate TA insertion into the ER membrane in a Ca2+ dependent manner.

TL;DR: How some structural features of SGTA have been elucidated, and what this has uncovered about its cellular functions are described, and the potential direction of future research is discussed.

TL;DR: T tandem affinity purification was used to process 4,562 different tagged proteins of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to identify protein–protein interactions, which will help future studies on individual proteins as well as functional genomics and systems biology.

TL;DR: The three-dimensional structure of proteins chemical catalysis the basic equations of enzyme kinetics measurement and magnitude of enzymatic rate constants the pH dependence of enzyme catalysis practical kinetics detection of intermediaries in reactions by kinetics stereochemistry of enzymes reactions active-site-directed and enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitors - affinity labels and suicide inhibitors conformational change, allosteric regulation, motors and work forces between molecules, and enzymesubstrate binding energies enzyme-substrate complementarity and the use of binding energy in catalysis specificity and editing mechanisms recombinant DNA technology case studies of enzyme

TL;DR: The three-dimensional structure of proteins chemical catalysis, kinetics measurement and magnitude of enzymatic rate constants, and the use of binding energy in catalysis specificity and editing mechanisms are studied.

TL;DR: A network based on genetic interaction profiles reveals a functional map of the cell in which genes of similar biological processes cluster together in coherent subsets, and highly correlated profiles delineate specific pathways to define gene function.