A Brain-Machine-Muscle Interface for Restoring Hindlimb Locomotion after Complete Spinal Transection in Rats
TL;DR: A novel BMI device was developed that processed neural information in real-time and used it to control electrical stimulation of paralysed hindlimb muscles that mimicked forelimb stepping and is proposed as a future neuroprosthesis for human paraplegics.
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Abstract: A brain-machine interface (BMI) is a neuroprosthetic device that can restore motor function of individuals with paralysis. Although the feasibility of BMI control of upper-limb neuroprostheses has been demonstrated, a BMI for the restoration of lower-limb motor functions has not yet been developed. The objective of this study was to determine if gait-related information can be captured from neural activity recorded from the primary motor cortex of rats, and if this neural information can be used to stimulate paralysed hindlimb muscles after complete spinal cord transection. Neural activity was recorded from the hindlimb area of the primary motor cortex of six female Sprague Dawley rats during treadmill locomotion before and after mid-thoracic transection. Before spinal transection there was a strong association between neural activity and the step cycle. This association decreased after spinal transection. However, the locomotive state (standing vs. walking) could still be successfully decoded from neural recordings made after spinal transection. A novel BMI device was developed that processed this neural information in real-time and used it to control electrical stimulation of paralysed hindlimb muscles. This system was able to elicit hindlimb muscle contractions that mimicked forelimb stepping. We propose this lower-limb BMI as a future neuroprosthesis for human paraplegics.
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Citations
Brain-controlled modulation of spinal circuits improves recovery from spinal cord injury
Marco Bonizzato,Galyna Pidpruzhnykova,Jack DiGiovanna,Polina Shkorbatova,N. V. Pavlova,Silvestro Micera,Silvestro Micera,Grégoire Courtine,Grégoire Courtine +8 more
TL;DR: The authors show in rats that a proportional stimulation interface permits voluntary movement and augments recovery in conjunction with rehabilitation, demonstrating the relevance of brain-controlled neuromodulation therapies to augment recovery from motor disorders.
Control of an Ambulatory Exoskeleton with a Brain–Machine Interface for Spinal Cord Injury Gait Rehabilitation
Eduardo López-Larraz,Fernando Trincado-Alonso,Vijaykumar Rajasekaran,Soraya Pérez-Nombela,Antonio J. del-Ama,Joan Aranda,Javier Minguez,Ángel Gil-Agudo,Luis Montesano +8 more
TL;DR: A closed-loop BMI system to control an ambulatory exoskeleton—without any weight or balance support—for gait rehabilitation of incomplete spinal cord injury patients, and its viability in a clinical scenario was tested with four SCI patients.
Engagement of the Rat Hindlimb Motor Cortex across Natural Locomotor Behaviors.
Jack DiGiovanna,Nadia Dominici,Lucia Friedli,Jacopo Rigosa,Simone Duis,Julie Kreider,Janine Beauparlant,Rubia van den Brand,Marco Schieppati,Silvestro Micera,Grégoire Courtine +10 more
TL;DR: Robust task-specific neuronal population responses revealed that the rat motor cortex displays similar modulation as other mammals during locomotion, which emphasizes the importance of the behavioral procedure to engage the motor cortex during motor control studies, gait rehabilitation, and locomotor neuroprosthetic developments in rats.
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Cortical motor intention decoding on an analog co-processor with fast training for non-stationary data
Shoeb Shaikh,Chen Yi,Arindam Basu,Rosa So +3 more
- 19 Oct 2017
TL;DR: This paper presents a low power hardware implementation of a motor intention decoder used in intra-cortical Brain Machine Interfaces that employs a randomized neural network — extreme learning machine (ELM), which is as quick to train as the linear decoders while being adept at capturing the complex non-linear mappings between the neural activity and the intended movements.
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Non-invasive brain-spine interface: continuous brain control of trans-spinal magnetic stimulation using EEG
Ainhoa Insausti-Delgado,Ainhoa Insausti-Delgado,Eduardo López-Larraz,Yukio Nishimura,Ulf Ziemann,Ander Ramos-Murguialday +5 more
TL;DR: The here presented system represents a novel non-invasive means to neuromodulate peripheral nerve activity of lower limb using brain-controlled spinal stimulation.
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