4. Probability and Random Processes

TL;DR: A generalized version of the fluctuation theorem is derived for stochastic, microscopically reversible dynamics and this generalized theorem provides a succinct proof of the nonequilibrium work relation.

TL;DR: The results of the method are found to be insensitive to changes in the rate parameter of the branching process, and the best trees estimated by the new method are the same as those from the maximum likelihood analysis of separate topologies, but the posterior probabilities are quite different from the bootstrap proportions.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a solid foundation for phase noise that is valid for any oscillator, regardless of operating mechanism, and established novel results about the dynamics of stable nonlinear oscillators in the presence of perturbations, both deterministic and random.

TL;DR: In this article, a review is given of an experimentally falsifiable phenomenological proposal, known as continuous spontaneous collapse, which is a stochastic nonlinear modification of the Schrodinger equation.