Abstract: Over the last 50 years AAS have been used by many sportsmen to improve physical endurance and better results in sport. The widespread use of AAS is a problem because of the serious side effects of these medicines. Long-term effects affect the cardiovascular system, mental health, endocrine system. Infertility defects, feminization and masculinization are often irreversible side effects. Rate risk - benefit shows that any kind of AAS abuse is extremely dangerous. AAS can be used legally only like prescribed medicines and only for medical purposes. Many athletes prefer taking food supplements with androgenic effects instead of conventional steroids because of their safety profile. By the end of 2004 Prohormones have been one of the most attractive supplements with anabolic and androgenic effects. In 2005 the use and distribution of the majority of these Prohormones became illegal. Nowadays there is a big interest about food additives, containing extract of Tribulus Terrestris because of their androgenic and anabolic activity. In this work we have demonstrated a UHPLC method of analysis of FA and OTC, containing extract of Tribulus Terrestris with mass spectral detection with high resolution (HRMS) and atmospheric pressure ionization "electrospray". This combination gives as quickly and as efficiently split and the possibility of identifying the separated components of the samples analyzed by the exact weight of their molecular ions.

Abstract: Five methanol extracts obtained from five plant species selected according ethnobotanical data were screened for their antiprotozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania infantum, Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei. Cytotoxicity was evaluated on MRC-5 cells. Withania somnifera methanol extract showed low activity against P. falciparum (IC50 17.7 μg ml -1 ), but with non-selective antimalarial activity. Most of the extracts tested against L. infantum exhibited low activity with IC50 ranging from 20 to 32 μg ml -1 , except W. somnifera which showed a remarkable but non-selective leishmanicidal activity (IC50 of 2.0 μg ml -1 ). W. somnifera methanol extract also exhibited a marked activity against T cruzi (IC50 0.6 μg ml -1 , SI=3.5).

Abstract: Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (tree of heaven) is a fast-growing invasive species for Bulgaria and Europe and it belongs to the family Simaroubaceae. Carotenoid fraction from stem bark of Ailanthus altissima was isolated for the first time for this plant species, as well as lutein and lycopene. The main components identified and quantified by HPLC analysis were as follows: β-carotene – 4389.96 ± 120.7μg/g extract, lutein – 2515.11 ± 95.66 μg/g extract and lycopene – 154.77 ± 42.15 μg/g extract. The better antioxidant activity of total carotenoid extract was measured by ABTS assay. Antineoplastic effects of carotenoids on BJ, HepG2 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were investigated, too. High quantities of pure carotenoids exhibited mainly antiproliferative activity, and MDA-MB-231 cell line was the most sensitive.

Abstract: Seaweeds are macroalgae adapted to inhabit marine ecosystem. They are sources of phytochemicals and reveal immense functional food applications. 10,000 species of algae have been reported across the world and their production is estimated to 6-7 million tones, of which nearly 90% comes from Asia-Pacific region. High diversity and growth of many species of seaweeds occur along the South east coast of Tamil nadu, Gujarat, Lakshadweep and Andaman-Nicobar Islands. 844 species of marine algae comprising Chlorophyta (216), Phaeophyta (191), Rhodophyta (434) and Xanthophyta (3) are reported from Indian coastal belt. They yield nutraceuticals, cosmetics, feed, pharmaceuticals, phycocolloids, fertilizer and biofuels. Sea weed derived compounds are an ample source of nutritionally and pharmaceutically active agents. The proven examples are Gracilaria, Gelidiella, Gelidium and Pterocladia, Kappaphycus, Hypnea, Gigartina, Chondrus, Sargassum, Hormophysa, Laminaria, Turbinaria, Undaria, Cystoseria Macrocystis, Enteromorpha linza, Enteromorpha prolifera, Ulva, Caulerpa, Sargassum, Hypnea musciformis and Acanthophora.. Functional ingredients derived from these algae can help fill the requirement for bioactive to treat chronic diseases like cancer, multiresistant microbial infections, inflammatory events and weight management risks. Future need included algae/seaweed industry comprising species selection, mass-production via photobioreactor productivity and yields, harvesting, and downstream processing.

Abstract: Nerium oleander belongs to family Apocyanaceae. The objective of the present work was to identify the phytochemical constituents and to study of antibacterial and antifungal activity of extract of Nerium oleander flower. Recently, natural products have been evaluated as sources of antimicrobial and antifungal agents with efficacies against a variety of microorganisms. Present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of Nerium oleander flower against human pathogens. The extract was prepared using ethanol. Antimicrobial activity was tested against one gram positive bacteria and three gram negative bacteria while antifungal activity was tested against two fungi. The various concentrations (30, 60, 100mg/ml) of the ethanolic extract were tested. Evaluations were based on the zone of inhibition using Agar well diffusion assay. The inhibitory activity was found to be dose dependent. This study represents that ethanol extracts of flower of Nerium oleander may be utilize as a potential source of antimicrobial and antifungal agents. Ciprofloxacin (10µg/ml) used as standard for antibacterial activity while fluconazole (10µg/ml) used as standard for antifungal activity. The phytochemical investigation showed the presence of active chemical constituents such as alkaloids, tannins, flavanoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides and terpenoids, carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, triterpenoids.

Abstract: SUMMARY This work was carried out on healthy productive Sudanese desert sheep using ivermectin (1% Ivomec) at the therapeutic single dose of Icc/50 kg body weight (200 µgm/kgm body weight) on nonpregnant animals. Ewes were synchronized by the double synchronization technique using progesterone and prostaglandin F2α. The detection of oestrus cycle was realized through the physiological and Kunand ram methods. Ivemectin was administered in two sets of experiments, one day and 8 days before ovulation of the second oestrus cycle. Plasma samples were collected everyday on three consecutive oestrus cycles. Progesterone was assayed by RIA technique Clear elevation of the hormone levels were demonstrated when the concentration of the drug was at its maximum which was obtained when the drug was administered one day before ovulation. No effect was observed when the drug was administered at the hormone decline phase. Our studies demonstrated that Ivermectin improved the reproductive performance of ewes as ovulation occurred at maximum concentration of the drug.

Abstract: Araceae family has economically & medicinally important plants like Typhonium trilobatum roots are used to check constipation, relieve the pain of piles. The rootstock of Amorphophallus is used to relieve rheumatic pains and provide starchy food. Monstera is edible with delicious flavour. As an aid to identification of these plants the stomata have been studied in this work of three species of Anthurium, three species of Monstera, three species of Amorphophallus, two species of Theriophonum, two species of Typhonium and one species of Pistia. The types of stomata found were paracytic, brachyparatetracytic, paratetracytic, brachyparahexacytic, monopolar and cyclocytic.

Abstract: Periodontal disease (PD) is by far the most common problem in small animal veterinary medicine and has been suggested as cofactor in various other diseases. Hematological and biochemical changes associated with PD among dogs in India at present are meager. Of the 89 PD dogs, 27 (32.58%) had low hemoglobin and 3 (3.37%) had low hematocrit indicating concurrent anemia, 18 (20.22%) had leukocytosis indicating secondary bacterial infection, 28 (31.46%) had thrombocytopenia, 17 (19.10%) had elevated creatinine > 1.7 mg/dl, indicative of concurrent renal insufficiency and 10 (11.23%) had elevated ALT > 55IU/L, indicative of concurrent hepatic insufficiency. There was no significant difference observed between PD dogs and control dogs. However, the association among the PD dogs with renal insufficiency significant.

Abstract: Atenolol is β1-selective adrenergic blocking agent and widely used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. Administration of conventional tablets of atenolol has been reported to exhibit fluctuation in the plasma drug levels, resulting either in manifestation of side effects or reduction in drug concentration at the receptor site. Therefore the present investigation was to design a formulation of mouth dissolving tablets of Atenolol by direct compresssion using prepared natural superdisintegrants like Plantago ovata and Treated agar and different natural superdisintegrates like sodium starch glycolate and crospovidone. The blend was examined for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index and Hausner‟s ratio. The prepared tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time, wetting time and dissolution rate. From the present study it can be concluded that natural super disintegrants like Plantago ovate, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Treated agar showed better disintegrating and dissolution properties than the most widely used synthetic super disintegrants in the formulation of ODTs. Among all formulations, FP-9 (Plantago ovata of 5%) shows highest drug release of 99.67% within 25mins. It was concluded that superdisintegrants addition technique is a useful method for preparing mouth dissolving tablets by direct compression method.

Abstract: In the present study the bioconversion of alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreated P. deltoides wood by using cocktail of inhouse enzymes from Bacillus stratosphericus N12 (M), Myceliophthora thermophila SH1 and Bacillus altitudinis Kd1 (M) under submerged as well as solidstate fermentation was done which was compared with commercial enzymes. Comparative study of bioethanol production from P. deltoides wood was carried out using different methods of non-detoxification/detoxification, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. In method I and II supernatant of alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreated P. deltoides wood was pooled together with enzyme saccharified residue fraction, while in method III and IV supernatant after pretreatment was discarded and only enzymatic hydrolysate containing simple sugars was used for the fermentation. Different ethanologenic yeasts and bacteria were employed under monoculture and coculture combinations for fermentation. The highest ethanol yield of 18.47 g/l was obtained in method IV as compared to others and 21.41g/l in case of commercial enzymes. The co-culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae II+ Pichia stipitis was found best combination of ethanologens in both cases i.e. in inhouse enzyme saccharified hydrolysate as well as by using commercial enzymes. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 5.990 Volume 5, Issue 2, 661-676. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 Article Received on 22 Nov 2015, Revised on 13 Dec 2015, Accepted on 02 Jan 2016