TL;DR: The concepts behind some of the more widely used mathematical models of the anaerobic digestion process are described and discussed together with some recent microbiological and biochemical studies that might provide a basis for the next generation of mathematical models.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare and contrast the principles of start-up and operation of different high-rate anaerobic systems based upon laboratory research and full-scale operating experience gained over the past two decades.

TL;DR: The Aerobic Upflow Sludge Blanket (AUSB) process is a new biological wastewater treatment process applying the concept of the self-immobilization to aerobic activated sludge.

TL;DR: The risk models for viruses and protozoa can be used to evaluate the occurrence of pathogens in source water and determine the appropriate treatment needed to obtain specific levels of safety for drinking water.

TL;DR: In the literature, coagulation/flocculation (c/F) has been favored as the first treatment step followed by biological treatment as the second step as discussed by the authors, and a reverse sequence of treatment has been utilized in several cases with success.

TL;DR: In this paper, specific similarities and differences of UASB, filter and expanded/fluidized bed reactors with respect to start-up, operation, parameter monitoring and process control are discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, a method based on oxygen uptake measurements is introduced to characterize organic material in domestic wastewater in view of mathematical models for the activated sludge process, which allows the determination of stoichiometric as well as kinetic parameters necessary for the description of heterotrophic growth and hydrolysis of slowly degradable organic matter.

TL;DR: Three biochemical models for biological excess phosphorus removal are critically analysed: the Comeau/Wentzel, Mino and modified Mino models, with agreement in one respect, the generation of reducing equivalents required to convert acetate to poly- β -hydroxybutyrate under anaerobic conditions.

TL;DR: In this paper, the solubilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was evaluated in soil-water suspensions with several nonionic and anionic surfactants.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the theoretical basis for the design and operation of fluidized bed reactors for anaerobic treatment of wastewaters is presented, including media selection, operative conditions of the reactor, equipment sizing and long-term run effects, as well as mechanical design hints on distribution system, reactor body, piping of recycle lines and gas collection.

TL;DR: The membrane bioreactor, with an increase of biomass concentration in the aeration tank, permit work with low F/M ratio and a reduction in sludge production, and further investigations are needed to better understand biological kinetics and phenomena in membraneBioreactor and to obtain higher flux on membrane processes.

TL;DR: In this article, an indirect study of these mechanisms was done by adding different concentrations of EDTA to activated sludge samples from 6 Swedish wastewater treatment plants and the effects on sludge properties were studied with sedimentation and filtration tests as well as analysis of released extracellular polymers.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was found that little slime layer was found on the walls of sewer pipes in an anaerobic condition when the sewage flow rate was higher than approximately 30 cm/sec.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of factors such as water temperature, suspended solids concentration, driving pressure, and water velocity in the unit are described, and it has been shown that the optimum operational conditions are high pressure and low velocity, due to the energy costs for operation of the system.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of influent organic compounds on the performance of a biological nutrient removal system was investigated using a pilot plant system operated as a UCT (University of Cape Town) process.

TL;DR: An innovative pilot-scale two-phase anaerobic digestion process was developed to stabilize concentrated (7-5%) activated sludge at a 12-day SRT and a loading rate of 5 kg VS/m 3 d as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In California and throughout the world the need for adequate, hygienic waste water management is ever increasing while the per capita share of the GNP allocated to this vital function is ever decreasing as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: Most waterborne outbreaks since 1971 have occurred in small community and noncommun ity water systems and from the ingestion of contaminated water from individual and recreational water sources.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of pH, chlorophenol concentration, concentration of TiO2 and inorganic electrolytes on the rate and extent of chlorination of chlorophenols.

TL;DR: The increasing use of products containing peracetic acid for the disinfection of sewage and effluents has produced a demand for information about the activity of PAA against relevant microorganisms, and studies have taken place to establish the comparative effects of peracetics acid and chlorine on both bacteria and viruses.

TL;DR: In this article, the inhibitory effect of lipids and prevention of this inhibition in a two-phase anaerobic process were examined using laboratory-scale reactors and batch experiments.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors showed that acid dye and direct dye can be desorbed by dilute aqueous solution of caustic soda, e.g. at 20mol/m 3, irreversibly.

TL;DR: A new approach to sewage treatment which involves rapid clarification of raw sewage with fine magnetite particles is described in this paper, which is essentially a greatly accelerated chemical coagulation, provides a quick separation of the sewage into two liquid streams, one clarified, the other highly concentrated.

TL;DR: The matrix format for the presentation of biokinetic models is explained with a simple model and expanded for the activated sludge model No. 19 of the IAWPRC Task Group for Mathematical Modeling for Design and Operation of Biological Wastewater treatment.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss a variety of measures available to anaerobic treatment technologies for dealing with the limitations of paper mill waste streams, such as the presence of toxic and recalcitrant organic compounds, high concentrations of sulfur and in some cases high wastewater temperatures.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the mechanisms involved in nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater and determined the most effective treatment conditions for removing these nutrients by high rate ponding in a Mediterranean climate.

TL;DR: The main objective of this work was to monitor the bacteriological quality of the water from the water table in three cemeteries chosen in accordance with geological and hydrogeological criteria: Vila Formosa and Vila Nova Cachoeirinha, located in the city of Sao Paulo, and Areia Branca in theCity of Santos.

TL;DR: The principle of the Ferrite process, heavy metal ion treatment system, and practically operated systems are presented in this article, where the heavy metal ions are incorporated into the lattice points of the ferrites in the course of the formation of the spinel structure by the oxidation of the Fe(II) ions.

TL;DR: In this article, a three-phase liquid-fluidized-bed biofilm reactor was operated over wide ranges of liquid velocity, air velocity, medium concentration, and substrate surface loading.