TL;DR: Comparison of chlorine to ozone reactivity towards aromatic compounds (electrophilic attack) shows a good correlation, with chlorine rate constants being about four orders of magnitude smaller than those for ozone.

TL;DR: This review critically identifies the shortcomings in current research on LDHs, such as the common weaknesses in the adopted methodology, discrepancies among reported results and ambiguous conclusions.

TL;DR: The results suggest that nitrifying bacteria are especially susceptible to inhibition byAg NPs, and the accumulation of Ag NPs could have detrimental effects on the microorganisms in wastewater treatment.

TL;DR: Biogeochemical processes controlling nitrate attenuation in aquifers are critically reviewed and denitrifying bacteria are essentially ubiquitous in the subsurface, the critical limiting factors are oxygen and electron donor concentration and availability and variability in other environmental conditions appears to be less important.

TL;DR: This review suggests that high-resolution turbidity monitoring should be supplemented with direct, measurements of SS, and SS should also be characterised in terms of their particle-size distribution and chemical composition, to improve the understanding of the effects of SS on aquatic organisms.

TL;DR: Most PPCPs were frequently found in river water at concentrations reaching single microgL(-1) and their levels depended mainly on the extent of water dilution resulting from rainfall, while the illicit drugs studied were found in rivers at low levels of ng L(-1).

TL;DR: The control of hydrogen sulfide emission by using a microbial fuel cell (MFC) can be cost-effective while the BOD is removed partially and novel inhibitors, such as slow release solid-phase oxygen and formaldehyde, warrant further study to control hydrogen sulfides emission in sewer systems.

TL;DR: Since several pharmaceutical residues were detected in the brine stream of NF and RO processes at concentrations of several hundreds nanogram per litre, its disposal to a near-by river can represent a possible risk implication of this type of treatment.

TL;DR: This paper characterises the AOM originating from four algae species using techniques including dissolved organic carbon, specific UV absorbance, zeta potential, charge density, hydrophobicity, protein and carbohydrate content, molecular weight and fluorescence, demonstrating that AOM is of a very different character to natural organic matter (NOM).

TL;DR: Investigation of the dispersion and stability of metal oxide nanoparticles in water as well as their removal by potable water treatment processes found thatexcept for silica, other nanoparticles rapidly aggregated in tap water due to electric double layer (EDL) compression, which is related to its low Hamaker constant.

TL;DR: It is shown that total cell concentration measured with FCM is a rapid, easy, sensitive and importantly, a descriptive parameter of several widely applied drinking water treatment processes.

TL;DR: A kinetic equation describing paracetamol photocatalytic degradation with various process parameters is obtained and it is shown that in the presence of TiO2, much faster photodegradation of par acetamol and effective mineralization occurred.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that vegetation selection is critical to performance for nitrogen removal, and that biofilters built according to observed 'optimal specifications' can reliably remove both nutrients and suspended solids.

TL;DR: A magnetic adsorbent is synthesized in order to develop a solid-phase extraction process assisted by a magnetic field for water pollution remediation and the results have been well fitted by a pseudo-second-order equation.

TL;DR: Antibiotics were removed more efficiently at Hong Kong STPs employing secondary treatment processes compared with those using primary treatment only and for NOR and TET, which are readily adsorbed to particulate matter, while lower removal efficiencies were observed for ERY-H(2)O, which is relatively persistent in the environment.

TL;DR: It is suggested that cell surface area would provide a basis for regrouping algae such that the classification is informative with respect to water treatment, as the absolute coagulant demand is a result of both surface area and EOM influences.

TL;DR: Results indicated that no arsenic was found in the effluent solution up to about 40 and 120 bed volumes of As(III) and As(V), respectively, and Sodium hydroxide solution (0.1M) was found to be capable of regenerating the column bed.

TL;DR: It seems that a low dissolved oxygen or a high nitrite concentration are the most likely cause of elevated NO and N2O emission by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria.

TL;DR: A novel process configuration that achieves both carbon and nitrogen removal using MFC is designed and demonstrated and it is demonstrated that also nitrite can be used as cathodic electron acceptor and a further reduction of the COD/N ratio would be possible.

TL;DR: P-DETA has been shown to have the potential to be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal as well as selective recovery of heavy metal ions in water or wastewater treatment.

TL;DR: The first complete electron-equivalent balances in microbial fuel cells fed with non-fermentable (acetate) and fermentable (glucose) electron donors are established by experimentally quantifying current, biomass, residual organic compounds, H(2), and CH(4) gas.

TL;DR: The contributions of individual components in extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) on structural stability of phenol-fed, aerobic granules were examined via their selective hydrolysis using enzymes and the structural changes of granule were probed using in situ fluorescent staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy.

TL;DR: In this article, the kinetics of ultraviolet C (UV-C)-induced direct phototransformation of four representative pharmaceuticals, i.e., 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2), diclofenac, sulfa methoxazole, and iopromide, were investigated in dilute solutions of pure water buffered at various pH values using a low-pressure and a medium-pressure mercury arc lamp.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the composition and activity of a biologically active carbon (BAC) biofilm used in water purification and present strategies to control the growth of the BAC biofilm, such as varying the nutrient loading rate, manipulating influent DO and pH levels, altering the frequency of BAC filter backwashing and applying oxidative disinfection.

TL;DR: Methane was detected during the hydrogen production process with the mixed culture and negatively affected hydrogen production rate, but by employing suitable approaches, such as exposure of cathodes to air, the hydrogenotrophic methanogens can be suppressed.

TL;DR: The seasonal profiles of noroviruses genotype 1 and genotype 2 in influent were very similar, i.e. they were abundant in winter at a geometric mean value of 190 and 200 RT-PCR units/ml, respectively, and less frequent in summer, which was mostly constant all the year round.

TL;DR: Comparison of isotherms for the target compounds to those for other conventional micropollutants suggested that naproxen and carbamazepine could be effectively removed by applying the same dosage utilized to remove odorous compounds at very low concentrations.

TL;DR: Evaluated and compared the degradation achieved for three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by heterogeneous TiO2 photocatalytic means in aqueous solution at laboratory scale, finding hydroxyl metabolites were the most important residual compounds after the photocatalyst treatment of IBP.

TL;DR: Nine commercially available bottled waters in the southwestern US (Arizona) were purchased and tested for antimony concentrations as well as for potential antimony release by the plastics that compose the bottles, finding only a small fraction of the antimony in PET plastic bottles is released into the water.