TL;DR: The second-order rate constants for oxidation by ozone vary over 10 orders of magnitude, between o 0.1 M 1 s 1 s -1 and about 7 − 10 9 M 1 S -1 s - 1 s − 1 as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that ozone is an excellent disinfectant and can even be used to inactivate microorganisms such as protozoa which are very resistant to conventional disinfectants.

TL;DR: The necessity and usefulness of multivariate statistical assessment of large and complex databases in order to get better information about the quality of surface water, the design of sampling and analytical protocols and the effective pollution control/management of the surface waters is presented.

TL;DR: A pilot plant for ozonation and UV-disinfection received effluent from a German municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) to test the removal of pharmaceuticals, iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) and musk fragrances from municipal wastewater, finding that advanced oxidation processes did not lead significantly to a higher removal efficiency for the ICM than ozone alone.

TL;DR: Current strategies for reducing sludge production based on these mechanisms: lysis-cryptic growth, uncoupling metabolism, maintenance metabolism, and predation on bacteria are reviewed.

TL;DR: The results suggest that complex formation hinders the sorption of the metals on the clay, with an increasing influence in the order: Mn = or = Pb < or = Cd < or= Zn < Ni < Cu < Cr.

TL;DR: The thermodynamics of copper ion/tree fern system indicates spontaneous and endothermic nature of the process and various thermodynamic parameters, such as Delta G(0), Delta H(0) and Delta S(0, have been calculated.

TL;DR: The bagasse fly ash, an industrial solid waste of sugar industry, was used for the removal of cadmium and nickel from wastewater and the adsorption data follow the Langmuir model better then the Freundlich model, indicating endothermic nature of the adsorbent process.

TL;DR: The results reveal that the quality and quantity of the polymeric compounds within the sludge flocs is more informative, with respect to understanding the mechanisms involved in flocculation, than if only the extracted EPS are considered.

TL;DR: Ho's pseudo-second-order model described the biosorption kinetics better than the Lagergren model and indicated the capability of M. rouxii biomass in adsorbing multi-metal ions.

TL;DR: It was found that the intraparticle diffusion model could be used to well describe the adsorption of two basic dyes on modified peat-resin particle and the kinetics experiment indicated that initial dye concentrations, particle dose and particle size could affect the adsOrption processes ofbasic dyes.

TL;DR: Four commercially available permeable pavement systems were evaluated after 6 years of daily parking usage for structural durability, ability to infiltrate precipitation, and impacts on infiltrate water quality.

TL;DR: The highest resistance rates were found in E. coli strains of a sewage treatment plant which treats not only municipal sewage but also sewage from a hospital, and thus sewage treatment processes contribute to the dissemination of resistant bacteria in the environment.

TL;DR: The data suggested that Calcite has been seen as a good adsorbent in fluoride removal and has been patented, but its adsorption capacity is only better than quartz, and the external mass transfer is a very slow and rate-determining step during fluoride removal from the aqueous solution.

TL;DR: It is possible under the conditions of this study to treat high ammonia synthetic wastewater achieving an accumulation of at least 65% of the loaded nitrogen as nitrite, operating at a DO around 0.7mg/L, which represents a reduction close to 20% in the oxygen necessary, and therefore a considerable saving in aeration.

TL;DR: This mineral showed the same high sorption capacity values when used in the purification of metal electroplating waste waters, appearing, therefore, as most suitable to perform metal waste water purification processes.

TL;DR: An enhanced HPSEC technique with multiple on-line detectors enables a better understanding of quantitative and qualitative DOM properties and can help to design and optimize water/wastewater treatment facilities.

TL;DR: The results show that in most of the cases studied, the presence of organic compounds enhances the uptake of ammonium ion onto the ion exchangers, and ion exchange offers a number of advantages including the able to handle shock loadings and the ability to operate over a wider range of temperatures.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the selection of the pre-treatment duration as well as the temperature of the subsequent anaerobic step for sludge stabilization should depend on the ratio of primary to secondary sludge.

TL;DR: Pesticides used in Portuguese agricultural areas have been found in surface and ground waters and the use of multiresidue methods and automated techniques are desirable in future work.

TL;DR: It is found that urease-active bacteria mainly grow in the pipes and are flushed into the collection tank and two experiments with precipitated solids from the pipes showed that precipitation sets in soon after ureolysis has started.

TL;DR: It is concluded that phosphonates are mainly present as Ca and Mg-complexes in natural waters and therefore do not affect metal speciation or transport.

TL;DR: The removal patterns for Cu, Zn, Ni and Fe reflected the trend in their solubility for their respective metal sulfide concentrations, while As removal appeared to coincide with decreasing Cu,Zn,Ni and Fe concentrations, which suggests adsorption or concomitant precipitation with the other metal sulfides.

TL;DR: Repeated use of the same HIX particles during various laboratory investigations provided strong evidence that the new sorbent possesses excellent attrition resistance properties and retains its arsenic removal capacity over cycles.

TL;DR: The correlations between the heavy metal concentrations of organs and the individual condition factors of fish samples proved to have opposite trends compared to those related to the age and size of fish, which could be attributed rather to the seasonal change in the condition factor of fish than to variations in the pollutant load of the site.

TL;DR: It was shown that the first-order model could best describe the sorption kinetics of hexavalent chromium removal by calcined Mg-Al-CO(3) hydrotalcite, and was evaluated to fit the experimental data.

TL;DR: Comparison between the results and the measurements outlined before industrialization and the beginning of the intensive pesticide applications in agricultural fields show that the pollution in these rivers is probably originated from industrial, agricultural and domestic waste discharges.

TL;DR: Paracetamol oxidation from aqueous solutions is studied by means of ozonation and H( 2)O(2) photolysis to destroy the aromatic ring of the substrate with a partial conversion of the initial carbon content into carbon dioxide.

TL;DR: Prevalence of pathogens in the population and the faecal load were used to form the basis of a screening-level quantitative microbial risk assessment that was undertaken for rotavirus, Salmonella typhimurium, Campylobacter jejuni, Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum.