Theoretical and Practical Research in Economic Fields 

Abstract: The swiftness with which environmental, social, and governance (ESG) has progressed and taken root in the manufacturing industry has had an immense impact on performance. The impact of ESG on the environment in the manufacturing context, however, remains ambiguous. This investigation endeavors to present a review of the recent literature on the relationship between ESG and export performance, while simultaneously providing a roadmap for future inquiries. Employing content analysis techniques and the VOS viewer tool, this analysis scrutinizes salient research components such as journals, countries, regions, plausible links between ESG and corporate performance, and trends, with particular emphasis on the environmental pillar. Subsequently, a research agenda for ESG implementation is proposed that encompasses both conceptual and empirical perspectives, which includes: (i) identifying the optimum ESG level and its effects on export performance; (ii) exploring the inherent inverse causality within the ESG-export performance nexus; (iii) conducting international comparisons; and (iv) presenting various arguments that support an indirect link between ESG and export performance.

Abstract: The importance of improving the efficiency of enterprises in Albania and, consequently, the role of personnel management in the implementation of this task has increased especially in recent years when the number of workers has decreased significantly due to the increase in emigration. The purpose of the study is to determine the most effective system of motivation and planning for them, considering the characteristics and national mentality of agricultural workers, and to form recommendations for the most acceptable management style for this group. The Holfstede typology of cultural dimensions was used as a primary method to identify the cultural and behavioral characteristics of the target audience. As a result of the survey conducted among 1514 staff representatives and the processing of its results, the average indicators for cultural dimensions were calculated and the evaluations of these indicators were given. According to the data obtained for the typology of cultural dimensions, it was found that the values in the examined social group are mainly determined by traditions and customs, which means that a management model is required that will not impose the existing principles of Western management but uses the tools own based on relatively democratic principles. Based on the obtained characteristics, recommendations were formed for such main management tools as the principles of subordination, the system of defining tasks and monitoring their implementation, as well as for effective motivation of personnel. The practical importance of the study lies in the development of recommendations for improving personnel management and, as a result, increasing efficiency in agricultural enterprises in Albania.

Abstract: The problem of understanding and evaluation of agrarian governance is among the most topical academic and practical tasks. However, there are huge differences in understandings of the governance among scholars, practitioners, official and business documents. Sometimes it is associated with the top management (country, organization); sometimes it is related to government agencies (public administration); sometimes it encompasses the management outside government entities; sometimes it is synonym of Management or a part of Management of organization, while in some case it is more general than Management including a variety of modes. This article adapts the New Institutional Economics methodology and proposes an adequate definition and framework for analyzing the system of agrarian governance. Based on a critical review of publications and experiences, the agrarian governance is understood as a complex system including: agrarian and related agents involved in making management decisions; rules, forms and mechanisms that govern behavior, activities and relationships of agrarian agents; processes and activities related to making governing decisions; a specific social order resulting from functioning of the system. Analysis includes individual elements for the system, different levels and main functional areas, for which adequate methods of institutional approach are suggested. Personal characteristics of participating agents, institutional environment, transaction costs and benefits, comparative efficiency of alternative governing structures, and "time factor" are considered. First holistic assessment found that Governance of Bulgarian agriculture is at moderate level having in mind EU perspective. Highest performance is attained for principles Equity and Solidarity and Good Working Public Sector while in terms of Working Private Sector and Stakeholders Involvements it is lowest.

Abstract: The article is aimed at improving the strategic planning processes at enterprises through the effective implementation and use of relational strategies. These strategies are aimed at increasing the competitiveness, sustainability, and adaptability of enterprises in the face of rapidly changing market realities. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of relational strategies as a strategic planning tool that can contribute to the development of more effective strategic initiatives. The methodological basis of the study includes the use of evolutionary planning, which involves building a long-term model of enterprise development, a methodology for implementing strategic changes that allows assessing the organization’s ability to adapt to innovations, and a systematic planning approach to detail key milestones for achieving strategic goals. The main result of the study was the identification of the peculiarities of forming a relational strategy of an enterprise. Relational strategies are based on the creation of bilateral relations between the enterprise and other market participants, which contributes to the formation of mutually beneficial cooperation. The main goal is to obtain relational rent and ensure sustainable development of the enterprise through collaboration. The key elements of a relational strategy are an understanding of the concept of “relational rent” and the importance of “relational assets”. The study reveals the importance of relational strategies in modern strategic planning of enterprises, highlighting them as an important tool for achieving competitive advantage, sustainability and effective adaptation to dynamic market conditions