Showing papers in "The Lancet in 2014"
University of Washington1, Sapienza University of Rome2, Mekelle University3, University of Texas at San Antonio4, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences5, Debre markos University6, Emory University7, University of Oxford8, University of Cartagena9, United Nations Population Fund10, University of Birmingham11, Stanford University12, Aga Khan University13, University of Melbourne14, National Taiwan University15, University of Cambridge16, University of California, San Diego17, Public Health Foundation of India18, Public Health England19, University of Peradeniya20, Harvard University21, National Institutes of Health22, Tehran University of Medical Sciences23, Auckland University of Technology24, University of Sheffield25, University of Western Australia26, Karolinska Institutet27, Birzeit University28, Brandeis University29, American Cancer Society30, Ochsner Medical Center31, Yonsei University32, University of Bristol33, Heidelberg University34, Vanderbilt University35, South African Medical Research Council36, Jordan University of Science and Technology37, New Generation University College38, Northeastern University39, Simmons College40, Norwegian Institute of Public Health41, Boston University42, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention43, University of Bari44, University of São Paulo45, University of Otago46, University of Crete47, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh48, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center49, Teikyo University50, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre51, University of Tokyo52, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health53, Heriot-Watt University54, University of Alabama at Birmingham55, Griffith University56, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health57, University of California, Irvine58, Johns Hopkins University59, New York University60, University of Queensland61, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais62, National Research University – Higher School of Economics63, University of Bergen64, Columbia University65, Shandong University66, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill67, Fujita Health University68, Korea University69, Chongqing Medical University70, Zhejiang University71
TL;DR: The global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013 is estimated using a spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression model to estimate prevalence with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).
11,580 citations
TL;DR: A prespecified meta-analysis of all 71,683 participants included in the RE-LY, ROCKET AF, ARISTOTLE, and ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trials offered clinicians a more comprehensive picture of the new oral anticoagulants as a therapeutic option to reduce the risk of stroke in this patient population.
4,700 citations
Food and Drug Administration1, Université Bordeaux Segalen2, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre3, MedStar Washington Hospital Center4, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer5, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center6, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill7, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center8, Virginia Commonwealth University9, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich10
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the three most commonly used definitions of pathological complete response (ypT0 ypN0, ypT0/is ypNs0, and ypTsN0/IsYPN0) for their association with EFS and overall survival in clinical trials of neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer.
4,006 citations
Auckland University of Technology1, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation2, National Institutes of Health3, Clinical Trial Service Unit4, Columbia University Medical Center5, University of Miami6, Washington State Institute for Public Policy7, Copenhagen University Hospital8, National University of Ireland, Galway9, National University of Singapore10, University of Auckland11, Capital Medical University12, Imperial College London13
TL;DR: Regional and country-specific estimates of stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost by age group and country income level are calculated, to improve understanding of stroke determinants and burden worldwide.
3,858 citations
TL;DR: In view of the complex multifactorial causes of delirium, multicomponent non-pharmacological risk factor approaches are the most effective strategy for prevention and no convincing evidence shows that pharmacological prevention or treatment is effective.
3,084 citations
[...]
TL;DR: Current progress in epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of type 1 diabetes, and prospects for an improved future for individuals with this disease are discussed.
2,330 citations
Clinical Trial Service Unit1, University of Glasgow2, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center3, Stanford University4, Boehringer Ingelheim5, Mayo Clinic6, University of Edinburgh7, University of Melbourne8, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health9, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston10, University of Alabama at Birmingham11, Helsinki University Central Hospital12, The George Institute for Global Health13, University of Newcastle14, Sapienza University of Rome15, Karolinska Institutet16, University of Washington17, Heidelberg University18
TL;DR: In this paper, a pre-specifi ed meta-analysis of individual patient data from 6756 patients in nine randomised trials comparing alteplase with placebo or open control was conducted.
2,311 citations
TL;DR: Ramucirumab is the first biological treatment given as a single drug that has survival benefits in patients with advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma progressing after first-line chemotherapy, and validate VEGFR-2 signalling as an important therapeutic target in advanced Gastric cancer.
2,096 citations
TL;DR: After mastectomy and axillary dissection, radiotherapy reduced both recurrence and breast cancer mortality in the women with one to three positive lymph nodes in these trials even when systemic therapy was given.
2,081 citations
University of Pennsylvania1, The Catholic University of America2, University of Southampton3, Technical University of Berlin4, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens5, University of Eastern Finland6, Jagiellonian University7, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven8, Carlos III Health Institute9, Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery10, Dublin City University11, Karolinska Institutet12, Radboud University Nijmegen13
TL;DR: Differences in patient to nurse ratios and nurses' educational qualifications in nine of the 12 RN4CAST countries with similar patient discharge data were associated with variation in hospital mortality after common surgical procedures, implying an increased emphasis on bachelor's education for nurses could reduce preventable hospital deaths.
2,058 citations
TL;DR: International anthropometric standards to assess newborn size that are intended to complement the WHO Child Growth Standards and allow comparisons across multiethnic populations are developed.
TL;DR: Evidence for associations between parental disorders and offspring outcomes from fetal development to adolescence in high-income, middle- income, and low-income countries is summarized and the need for early identification of those parents at high risk and for more early interventions and prevention research is underlined.
TL;DR: The importance of adequate noise prevention and mitigation strategies for public health is stressed, as Observational and experimental studies have shown that noise exposure leads to annoyance, disturbs sleep and causes daytime sleepiness.
Institut Gustave Roussy1, University of California, Los Angeles2, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center3, Harvard University4, University of Sydney5, Westmead Hospital6, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre7, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center8, University of Pennsylvania9, Mayo Clinic10, University of Pittsburgh11, Merck & Co.12, University of California, San Francisco13
TL;DR: The results suggest that pembrolizumab at a dose of 2mg/kg or 10 mg/kg every 3 weeks might be an effective treatment in patients for whom there are few effective treatment options.
TL;DR: National targets for 2035 are proposed for stillbirths and neonatal deaths, compatible with the under-5 mortality targets of no more than 20 per 1000 livebirths, and targets for 2030 are given.
TL;DR: The effects of particulate matter, gaseous pollutants (ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulphur dioxide), and mixed traffic-related air pollution are discussed, focusing on clinical studies published in the previous 5 years.
Nicholas J Kassebaum1, Amelia Bertozzi-Villa1, Megan Coggeshall1, Katya Anne Shackelford1 +349 more•Institutions (179)
TL;DR: Global rates of change suggest that only 16 countries will achieve the MDG 5 target by 2015, with evidence of continued acceleration in the MMR, and MMR was highest in the oldest age groups in both 1990 and 2013.
TL;DR: BMI is associated with cancer risk, with substantial population-level effects, and the heterogeneity in the effects suggests that different mechanisms are associated with different cancer sites and different patient subgroups.
TL;DR: Although the difference in quality of life was non-significant at the primary endpoint, this trial shows promising findings that support early palliative care for patients with advanced cancer.
TL;DR: Data of large-scale randomised trials support initiation of HPV-based screening from age 30 years and extension of screening intervals to at least 5 years, and provide 60-70% greater protection against invasive cervical carcinomas compared with cytology.
Erasmus University Medical Center1, University of Gothenburg2, University of Tampere3, Complutense University of Madrid4, King Juan Carlos University5, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center6, university of lille7, RMIT University8, Helsinki University Central Hospital9, Queen Mary University of London10
TL;DR: In this update the ERSPC confirms a substantial reduction in prostate cancer mortality attributable to testing of PSA, with a substantially increased absolute effect at 13 years compared with findings after 9 and 11 years.
TL;DR: The widely held assumptions that blood pressure has strong associations with the occurrence of all cardiovascular diseases across a wide age range, and that diastolic and systolic associations are concordant, are not supported by the findings of this high-resolution study.
TL;DR: Potential solutions for problems related to the research workforce are proposed, including improvements in protocols and documentation, consideration of evidence from studies in progress, standardisation of research efforts, optimisation and training of an experienced and non-conflicted scientific workforce, and reconsideration of scientific reward systems.
TL;DR: The events leading to the foundation of the Framingham Heart Study are described, and a brief historical overview of selected contributions from the study are provided.
University of Pennsylvania1, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust2, University of Pisa3, Odense University Hospital4, University of Siena5, Leipzig University6, Asan Medical Center7, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center8, Radboud University Nijmegen9, Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals10, Institut Gustave Roussy11
TL;DR: It is suggested that sorafenib is a new treatment option for patients with progressive radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer and progression-free survival significantly improved in all prespecified clinical and genetic biomarker subgroups, irrespective of mutation status.
TL;DR: Developing new therapies that can improve HBsAg clearance and virological cure is warranted because long-term antiviral treatment can reverse cirrhosis and reduce hepatocellular carcinoma.
TL;DR: Recommendations to improve the surveillance of morbidity and mortality in homeless people are discussed, including programmes focused on high-risk groups, such as individuals leaving prisons, psychiatric hospitals and the child welfare system, and the introduction of national and state-wide plans that target homeless people.
TL;DR: More effective therapies to slow progressive loss of β-cell function are needed and additional long-term studies of drugs and bariatric surgery are needed to identify new ways to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes and thereby reduce the harmful effects of this disease.
TL;DR: Obstructive sleep apnoea is an increasingly common disorder of repeated upper airway collapse during sleep, leading to oxygen desaturation and disrupted sleep, and has also been linked to myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, and diabetes mellitus though not definitively.
TL;DR: To effectively and equitably address the chronic disease burden, public health and health-care systems need to deploy integrated approaches that bundle strategies and interventions, address many risk factors and conditions simultaneously, create population-wide changes, help the population subgroups most affected, and rely on implementation by many sectors, including public-private partnerships and involvement from all stakeholders.