TL;DR: It is suggested that only two methods--the slope index of inequality and the concentration index--are likely to present an accurate picture of socioeconomic inequalities in health.

TL;DR: It is argued that cultural bereavement, by mapping the subjective experience of refugees, gives meaning to the refugee's distress, clarifies the 'structure' of the person's reactions to loss, frames psychiatric disorder in some refugees, and complements the psychiatric diagnostic categories.

TL;DR: Affective behavior seems to be the most important in determining patient's satisfaction, and especially nonverbal affective behaviour had the strongest predictive power in medical consultations.

TL;DR: It is shown that people with high job strain have a significantly higher absence rate, that there is a clear association between sickness absence and perceived health and that absence is part of a pattern along with other coping strategies which are directed against stressing working conditions and perceived ill health.

TL;DR: In the early twentieth century in the United States and other Western countries, women were much less likely than men to smoke cigarettes, due in part to widespread social disapproval of women's smoking, but during the mid-twentieth century, growing social acceptance ofWomen's smoking contributed to increased smoking adoption by women.

TL;DR: The intensifying competition between cultural influence and constructionist paradigms has been altered by the appearance of AIDS and the subsequent increased support for research on sexuality, and the expansion in funding threatens to strengthen essentialist models in biomedical contexts and cultural influence models in anthropology.

TL;DR: The woman's social context, particularly contexts of friendship and work outside the home, are statistically important for survival, and two clinical factors were significantly associated with survival.

TL;DR: Findings clearly suggest that issues concerning 'professional competence', together with the nature and quality of the patient-professional relationship, are the key predictors of overall consumer satisfaction with general practice, dental and hospital care.

TL;DR: A sample of over 25,000 men and women from the 1985 and 1986 British General Household Survey is used to show how both traditions of analysing differences in health need to be reformulated and integrated.

TL;DR: Questions are raised about the adequacy of current concepts and measures for studying sex/gender differences in health related behaviour and the salience of social role and related social status characteristics in accounting for variation in health, illness and sick role behaviour.

TL;DR: This study focused upon the relational aspects of communication, using Stiles' Verbal Response Mode coding system (VRM), and, to a limited extent, upon the content of patient's complaints--whether they were primarily somatic or of a psychosocial nature.

TL;DR: An interaction between habit and intention was found such that women with larger numbers of previous mammogram were less likely to carry out their intentions than women with fewer previous mammograms.

TL;DR: This article presents two models of the decision to become a potential organ donor, where the act of carrying or requesting an organ donor card is related to values and factual knowledge regarding organ donation, through intervening attitude and willingness constructs.

TL;DR: Adding motivation to the discriminant function equation resulted in significant predictions in all six lifestyle areas, which strongly suggests that motivation is a very important intervening variable when evaluating health promotion and resulting behavior change.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that the process of clinical decision making is likely influenced by patients' age, gender, socioeconomic status, and race, physicians' professional training and experience, as well as by larger structural features of organized clinical settings.

TL;DR: Overconfidence in clinicians was examined in two independently designed studies, each using a different research approach, and the difference between micro-certainty of individuals and macro-uncertainty within the clinical community may cast some light on the persistence of practice variation.

TL;DR: Future research should direct attention toward workers' health and working conditions as covariates of absenteeism, since they are strongly significant in this study and have been neglected by most absenteeism investigators.

TL;DR: There is a striking gap between the conditions which reduce the population's subjective perceived health and the ability to offer these conditions effective treatment through the health care system, which suggests differences in health concept between the medical society and the population.

TL;DR: This study supports the findings of other studies that patients want more specific disease and treatment information, but suggests that the provision of this information might lead to therapy decisions which diverge from physicians' recommendations.

TL;DR: Analysis of the research literature on accrual to cancer therapy trials shows that nonparticipation is influenced by physician and patient variables, as well as by characteristics of the specific protocols.

TL;DR: A large part of the class differences in physical as well as mental illness can be understood as a result of systematic differences between classes in living conditions, primarily differences in working conditions.

TL;DR: Using the method described in Part I (p 283), data on the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Johannesburg are presented and race- and sex-specific skewing of the incidence and causes of TBI are developed.

TL;DR: Correlations indicate that for both female and male physicians, high levels of occupational stress was associated with less satisfaction with medical practice and more negative attitudes about the medicare system and health care in general, and high job satisfaction was related to fewer specific work stressors and more positive attitudes about health care.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report the perceptions of relatives, hospital doctors, general practitioners and nurses who knew a random sample of 639 adults dying in England in 1987, finding that a high proportion of both relatives and professionals felt that the levels of awareness were best as they were, although this preference may have been influenced by a desire to see things in a good light.

TL;DR: No differences were observed in mechanisms of food distribution or nutrient intake between male and female children, contrary to evidence in the literature suggesting that male children will be favored.

TL;DR: It is argued that satisfaction with communication in medical settings is not a simple function of communication skills and the provision of adequately structured information, but that patients' tendencies to cope with stress by seeking out or avoiding information need to be taken into account.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the patients surveyed tended not to think of themselves as consumers who should be wary of the quality of service offered by doctors, rather they preferred to trust their doctor, and therefore did not devote effort to actively seeking out information about their doctor or evaluating his or her services.

TL;DR: Investigating whether the psychosocial structure of work might affect smoking and sedentary behavior in a representative sample of the Swedish population found job demands like shift work, piece work, hazardous exposure, and physical load tended to be associated with smoking and Sedentary behavior, whereas job resources were predictive of regular exercise, but unrelated to smoking behavior.