Abstract: Animism is often described as the imputation of life to inert objects. Such imputation is more typical of people in western societies who dream of finding life on other planets than of indigenous peoples to whom the label of animism has classically been applied. These peoples are united not in their beliefs but in a way of being that is alive and open to a world in continuous birth. In this animic ontology, beings do not propel themselves across a ready-made world but rather issue forth through a world-in-formation, along the lines of their relationships. To its inhabitants this weather-world, embracing both sky and earth, is a source of astonishment but not surprise. Re-animating the ‘western’ tradition of thought means recovering the sense of astonishment banished from offi cial science.

Abstract: Starting from a high-level problem description in terms of partial differential equations using abstract tensor notation, the Chemora framework discretizes, optimizes, and generates complete high performance codes for a wide range of compute architectures. Chemora extends the capabilities of Cactus, facilitating the usage of large-scale CPU/GPU systems in an efficient manner for complex applications, without low-level code tuning. Chemora achieves parallelism through MPI and multi-threading, combining OpenMP and CUDA. Optimizations include high-level code transformations, efficient loop traversal strategies, dynamically selected data and instruction cache usage strategies, and JIT compilation of GPU code tailored to the problem characteristics. The discretization is based on higher-order finite differences on multi-block domains. Chemora's capabilities are demonstrated by simulations of black hole collisions. This problem provides an acid test of the framework, as the Einstein equations contain hundreds of variables and thousands of terms.

Abstract: Fil: Citro, Silvia Viviana. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina

Abstract: Ensemble learning methods have received remarkable attention in the recent years and led to considerable advancement in the performance of the regression and classification problems. Bagging and boosting are among the most popular ensemble learning techniques proposed to reduce the prediction error of learning machines. In this study, bagging and gradient boosting algorithms are incorporated into the model creation process for daily streamflow prediction. This paper compares two tree-based ensembles (bagged regression trees BRT & gradient boosted regression trees GBRT) and two artificial neural networks ensembles (bagged artificial neural networks BANN & gradient boosted artificial neural networks GBANN). Proposed ensembles are benchmarked to a conventional ANN (multilayer perceptron MLP). Coefficient of determination, mean absolute error and the root mean squared error measures are used for prediction performance evaluation. The results obtained in this study indicate that ensemble learning models yield better prediction accuracy than a conventional ANN model. Moreover, ANN ensembles are superior to tree-based ensembles.

Abstract: Critical to the scalability of parallel adaptive simulations are parallel control functions including load balancing, reduced inter-process communication and optimal data decomposition. In distributed meshes, many mesh-based applications frequently access neighborhood information for computational purposes which must be transmitted efficiently to avoid parallel performance degradation when the neighbors are on different processors. This article presents a parallel algorithm of creating and deleting data copies, referred to as ghost copies, which localize neighborhood data for computation purposes while minimizing inter-process communication. The key characteristics of the algorithm are: 1 It can create ghost copies of any permissible topological order in a 1D, 2D or 3D mesh based on selected adjacencies. 2 It exploits neighborhood communication patterns during the ghost creation process thus eliminating all-to-all communication. 3 For applications that need neighbors of neighbors, the algorithm can create n number of ghost layers up to a point where the whole partitioned mesh can be ghosted. Strong and weak scaling results are presented for the IBM BG/P and Cray XE6 architectures up to a core count of 32,768 processors. The algorithm also leads to scalable results when used in a parallel super-convergent patch recovery error estimator, an application that frequently accesses neighborhood data to carry out computation.

Abstract: Among the Kaiowa, the downfall of political, ritualistic and economic practices, which generates misery and violence, is associated to territorial losses. That’s the foundation to a research grounded on the analysis of personal and familiar stories, where the retrospect of kinship relations, politic composition, ritual exchanges, displacements and relationship with non indigenous led to a consistent territorial history. Within those, fragile chronologies contrast with a vast ethnography and cartography. This one is based on water courses, brings keys that surpasses the kaiowa invisibility, which is still cultivated by the historians and memorialists. In this context, the detailing of the kaiowa presence in the Brazil-Paraguay border demonstrates the role that the Brazilian Empire/State plays as a generator of contemporary land conflicts, given that colonization projects and provided property titles – despite indigenous presence and legislation – support the establishment of political and territorial oligarchies, source of kaiowa land losses. However, the indigenous and non indigenous narratives’ interlacement does not propose a classic ethno-history, because if the narratives are complementary in regard to contents, they differ in format and approaches.

Abstract: Over the past forty years we have seen in Brazil the intensification of the processes of ethnogenesis of indigenous groups. Populations that for a long time concealed their identities, have turned to assert their past and Indianness, fighting for recognition of their status by ethnic state officials, to ensure access to specific rights prescribed by the laws. The struggle of these groups also seeks to achieve conditions to rebuild their communities, going to live with more dignity, restoring their self-esteem, in pursuit of full citizenship. The Indian state agency, however, came to deny the "authenticity" of these various ethnic groups. For this reason, the (re) construction of these identities permeates, in most cases, the development of a self-image synchronized with the stereotypical representations that Brazilian society have of the "generic Indian". This self-image is drawn in the expectation to fit the common sense representation that such communities suppose to be a requirement, particularly by the official body for recognize their indigenous status. For example, we analyze more closely the emblematic case of the Indians Kraho-Kanela, from the state of Tocantins.

Abstract: It is discussed a function of power assigned to those indigenous known as “linguas” in historical documents. They were responsible for the communication between the colonizer society and the indigenous communities in situations where persuasion and influence were necessary. The historical process of formation of these historical subjects is shown from studies on the constitution of the indigenous and Portuguese/Brazilian borders.

Abstract: During the recent past, weather patterns all over the world have changed and Himachal Pradesh of North-Western Himalaya is no exception. The trend analysis of temperature and precipitation data was done by taking data of 1973-1990 from wet temperate and 1971-90 duration from sub temperate region as baseline which was further divided into two periods i) 1991-2000; ii) 2001-2011 and variation was analysed season wise. In the sub temperate region maximum temperature has increased in all the seasons, however highest increase of 3.11oC was noticed in winter season during 2001-2011 period from the base years of 1971-90. The average minimum temperature was found to decrease over the base period of 197190. The maximum decrease of 1.3oC over the base period was noticed in autumn season during the period of 2001-2011. In the region the period 2001-2011 experienced decrease in the rainfall during summer, spring and winter seasons, however, the maximum decrease of 115.23 mm was noticed in summer season. In wet temperate to dry temperate regions both maximum and minimum temperatures have increased and winters have become warmer. Among all fruits, apple is the main crop of the state occupying the place of pride in its economy. However, the rise in temperatures and decreased snowfall over years has adversely affected apple cultivation in the state. Earlier snowfall was a regular phenomenon in apple growing areas but since 1973-1985 (baseline) a reduction in the snow fall from 430 cm to 51.33 cm during the period of 2006-2010 was recorded. The un-conducive weather during fruit setting and development in apple has reduced the apple productivity of the region. Surprisingly, the orchards below 1500 m elevation have been rendered unproductive. In the sub- tropical climate of foothills of Himalayas the mango is an important crop and is being influenced by frequent frost events. The cold waves during winter months also found to influence the vegetable crops of the region. To adapt to changing climate farmers have shifted to cultivation of pomegranate, kiwi and off-season vegetables. In sub-tropical zone, the regular frost injury to mango plants has become common. The farmers of this zone have shifted to protected cultivation of flowers and vegetables to save their livelihoods. Therefore, accepting change and getting in tune with nature by following scientific mitigation and adaptation strategies seem to be the key to survival and prosperity of mountain farmers.

Abstract: The indigenous audiovisual production reaches, at the beginning of this century, a period of consolidation that seems related to a growing interest (both general and indigenous) in the notions of culture and image. In the Kayapo case, a historical quirk remains as the use of video goes back to the late 1980's. This paper discusses the relationship between the practice of videomaking and the socio-cosmological system of this group, in the context of inter-ethnic contacts, highlighting the importance of the relationship between the body and the camera. We used the Mebengokre aesthetic judgment on the filmed images in order to demonstrate the impossibility of producing a beautiful image.

Abstract: River Bank erosion has emerged to be one of the most annoying environmental hazards these days. It is a complex process which incorporates actions of several complex processes and cannot be attributed to any single process. At present, the average quantum of land engulfed by the rivers is about 800 hectares in West Bengal. River Bhagirathi –Hooghly, the most prominent river of the state has resorted to large scale bank slumping and flood in Shantipur, Nadia, the birth place of Vaishnavism. Though there has been immense study on the erosional activity of this river in the state, Shantipur has not got enough importance on this matter. Eminent national and international scholars have detected the causes of such erosional activities to be the typical flow properties of the river, the structural and compositional properties of the bank and climatic characteristics of the concerned area. This paper tries to throw some light upon the factors which have probably acted jointly to produce such large scale wearing away of land in this part of the planet.

Abstract: Fil: Zapata, Horacio Miguel Hernan. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina

Abstract: This paper proposes that the reading of indigenous authors’ works is filled with elements that surpass the literary field, as much as the processes experienced by these authors. Before reaching the analysis of Karaiba: uma historia do pre-Brasil, by Daniel Munduruku, and Todas as vezes que dissemos adeus, by Kaka Wera Jecupe, the relationship between the indigenous and non-indigenous society and the notions of writing and orality shall be brought to discussion under historical and sociological terms, in order to identify what may virtually exist amongst the writer, the reader and the literary piece, interacting with possible readings the pieces may offer.

Abstract: One's attitude towards sport can potentially influence the success of learning knowledge and skills of specific sport activity. The aim of this research was to construct a scale for evaluation of attitude towards alpine skiing as a specific recreational activity. For this purpose we constructed a scale initially consisting of 60 statements of both positive and negative attitude towards alpine skiing. Statements included affective, cognitive and behavioral components. The research was conducted on 173 participants (72 female and 101 male), students of Faculty of Kinesiology University of Zagreb by the use of five graded scale on which participants could claim their statements with 1. I strongly disagree ; 2. I disagree ; 3. It is all the same ; 4. I agree ; 5. I strongly agree. Parameters of descriptive statistics were calculated for all the variables, correlation of each variable with first component, as well as reliability and homogeneity. After analysis initial scale was condensed to 26 statements, which improved reliability (Cronbach α=0.92) and homogeneity (r=0.33). Factor analysis extracted six statistically significant components from the scale of attitude towards alpine skiing. First component is the participants attitude towards alpine skiing (λ=9.24) and with proportion of 35.53% it explains the results of evaluation of attitude towards alpine skiing. To conclude, the constructed scale of 26 statements will among other enable monitoring of attitude changes influenced by alpine ski knowledge acquisition, and will give the answer to what proportion the attitude towards alpine skiing influences efficiency of alpine ski learning.

Abstract: Factually appellant, symbolically adherent and sociologically structuring, the hunting is a basic fact in the Amazon region. A series of elements highlighted by regional ethnology reveals the centrality of the activity among Amazonian groups. In this work I focused on the anthropological discourse about the cynegetics activity of native people, seeking to delineate a research object. The revision of the bibliography focuses in a particular period of this production, that referring to the last three decades, and holds on some aspects of the “metaphysics of the hunting” (LIMA, 1996). One of the purposes is to see how the subjects of the “potential affinity” and of “Amerindian perspectivism” touch the understanding of the cynegetic field, and on the other side, to see how this field informs the analytical operations of these concepts. In parallel, in the essay I seek to identify some of the nodules the interpretation of the hunting has faced, pointing so to questions for potential ethnographic advancements and theoretical discussions.

Abstract: We have previously developed a voice control system for a home network system (HNS), using a microphone array technology. Although the microphone array achieved a convenient hands-free controller, a single array had limitations on coverage of sound collection and speech recognition rate. In this paper, we try to overcome the limitations by increasing the number of the microphone arrays. Specifically, we construct a microphone array network using four separate arrays, and enhance algorithms of sound source localization (SSL) and sound source separation (SSS) on the network. We also conduct an experimental evaluation, where precision of SSL and speech recognition rate are evaluated in a real HNS test-bed. As a result, it is shown that the usage of multiple arrays significantly improves the coverage and speech recognition ratio, compared with the previous system.

Abstract: The inclusion rate in Colombia is a tool that is used in educational institutions to determine the perception of the community against the attention to diversity, was designed in an only format that limits the understanding of conventional alphabetic code. The analysis of this situation leads to propose the adaptation research iconographic questionnaire descriptors corresponding to this rate by comparing global images technique and pictographics, taking as a sample on 16 students using different codes of communication and have the following features: hearing impairment, cognitive functioning autism and without the high castilian spanish written, and parents who do not drive conventional alphabetical code. Concluding that the global images favor higher levels of accessibility of the instrument.Keywords: Accessibility; Iconographic; Inclusive management; Accessible language.

Abstract: Saliva is natural body fluid continuously bathing oral mucosa and its surrounding structure. However, not many studies focusing on changes in salivary parameters and their association with present of oral mucosal lesions. This study was conducted to assess the association between salivary parameters characteristic and present of oral mucosa lesion among Siamese population in Kota Bharu, Kelantan.A cross-sectional study was carried out at fourteen randomly selected Siamese villages located in six districts of Kelantan. A total of 152 respondents' who fulfill inclusion and exclusion criteria was selected using systematic random sampling. Saliva collection procedure and analysis was done using Saliva-Check BUFFER® by GIC Co. Japan. Intraoral examination was done by single examiner, using WHO (1997) guidelines. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 13.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). ISSN:-2321-3485

Abstract: El presente articulo da cuenta de la construccion del marco filosofico, metodologico y teorico del programa educativo de extension academica “Catedra universitaria para adultos mayores” en el Tecnologico de Antioquia; validado desde la experiencia directa con un grupo de cuarenta adultos mayores. Como proyecto piloto de implementacion, inscrito en la linea de Equidad y desarrollo humano del grupo de investigacion Senderos, de la Facultad de Educacion. Abstract: This article reports the building of the philosophical, methodological and theoretical framework about the outreach educational program called “university chair for elderly people” at Antioquia the Tecnologico. This is as a pilot project of implementation suscribed inside the field of equality and human development of the research group Senderos of the Education Faculty of the same institution. Palabras clave : Adultos mayores; Catedra; Universidad; Educacion continua. Keywords : Elderly; Professor; University; Continuing education.