Abstract: Grounded in leadership theory within educational and socio-religious institutions, this study examines three critical aspects of leadership in pesantren (Islamic boarding school): the formation of formal and informal structures; the role of family, foundations, and symbols of authority in reinforcing internal stability and leadership legitimacy; and the consequences of leadership models on moderation, institutional openness, and adaptability of pesantren. A qualitative approach was employed, involving in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis at Pesantren Miftahul Ulum and Pesantren Kiai Syarifuddin in East Java. Data and findings were analyzed through symbolic and socio-cultural lenses. The results indicate that the mono leadership model generates a centralized and rapid decision-making process heavily reliant on the personal authority of the Kiai. In contrast, the dual leadership model emphasizes collective deliberation through family forums and foundation structures, fostering an inclusive and adaptive organizational culture. Spiritual symbols and the informal role of family members were also key elements in maintaining value continuity and internal stability in both models. This study offers a new analytical contribution by highlighting how differing leadership typologies in pesantren not only influence internal governance but also shape the development of democratic and moderate Islamic education practices within changing socio-religious contexts.

Abstract: This research and development aims to describe (1) project-based functional Arabic writing teaching materials, (2) validation results of teaching materials from material experts, linguists, and learning media experts, and (3) the effectiveness of the use of project-based functional Arabic writing teaching materials. The research method used R&D with the ADDIE model. The test subjects in this study were students of the Arabic language education program who were taking the Insha'2' 2 course. The results of this study show that (1) The textbook for writing functional Arabic with the title Maahir fi al-Kitabah al-wadhlifiyah consists of six chapters of functional Arabic writing material. This book was developed through the five stages of the ADDIE model. (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). (2) The results of expert validation show that the textbooks have good quality and are suitable for use, both in terms of material (92%), language (80%), and learning media (78.77%). (3) The results of the effectiveness test of the use of functional Arabic writing textbooks showed a significant increase in student learning outcomes. This shows that using functional Arabic writing teaching materials has proven effective in improving student learning outcomes.

Abstract: Ulama play a crucial role as agents of social control through their knowledge and leadership in society. In the Mandailing region, the presence of Ulama is significant and has contributed meaningfully to the development of Islamic scholarship in the archipelago. Among them, three prominent figures, Shaykh Abdul Halim Khatib, Shaykh Syihabuddin, and Shaykh Abdul Qadir Bin Shabir, stand out with intellectual capacities comparable to other renowned Nusantara Ulama. This study aims to analyze their scientific networks and intellectual social constructions. Using a qualitative approach and library research methods, including documentation and content analysis, the research explores the underlying patterns of their scholarly engagement. Findings show that Mandailing Ulama focuses more on community movements than written scholarship. This is largely because the local society values Ulama as religious scholars and traditional and social leaders. Their active involvement in communal life limits the time and opportunity for writing. Nonetheless, the intellectual focus of these three Ulama centers on fundamental Islamic theology, particularly the 20 attributes of Allah (sifat 20). Shaykh Syihabuddin is especially noted for his contribution to the Naqshbandiyyah Sufi order, which he elaborates in his book Fath al-Qalb. This work extends beyond theoretical insights into practical spirituality. Similarly, Shaykh Abdul Halim Khatib was deeply engaged in Sufi practice and reportedly taught such knowledge at the Mustafawiyah Pesantren. The three Ulama exemplify a blend of spiritual leadership and theological scholarship rooted in the Mandailing context.

Abstract: Each era experiences significant changes in the field of Islamic education, necessitating the development of a well-structured curriculum grounded in strong philosophical foundations to ensure clear direction and purpose. Therefore, appropriate principles are required to develop the Islamic education curriculum. This study explains the contributions of several educational philosophical schools of thought and their implementation as a foundation for constructing an Islamic education curriculum. The study focuses on three educational philosophies: progressivism, constructivism, and humanism. The method employed is library research using a descriptive analytical approach, presented systematically and objectively. This study finds that integrating progressivism, constructivism, and humanism philosophies in developing Islamic education curricula can enrich pedagogical strategies while preserving core Islamic values. The progressivist approach promotes experiential learning and problem-solving, constructivism emphasizes knowledge construction through reflection and collaboration, while humanism nurtures learners' emotional, moral, and spiritual aspects. These philosophies create a dynamic, interactive, student-centered curriculum relevant to 21st-century needs.

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the efforts made by Ansoriyah Islamic Boarding School to increase competitiveness through competitive advantages in the Amtsilati flagship program. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive analysis approach. Data collection techniques are carried out through participatory observation, structured interviews, and documentation studies. The data analysis in this study includes data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion. Testing the validity of the data is carried out with diligent observation, triangulation, and adequacy of reference materials. The results of this study indicate that Ansoriyah Islamic Boarding School seeks to achieve competitive advantage through the Amtsilati flagship program consisting of: 1) Amtsilati quality as a fast method of yellow books used by various Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia, in addition, Amtsilati teachers are direct graduates of Amtsilati central Islamic boarding schools; 2) Minimal costs incurred to be able to participate in the Amtsilati program; 3) Amtsilati completion time is not too long, and; 4) Amtsilati flexibility, one example of which is the increase in the level of the book which can be carried out at any time according to the ability of the students.

Abstract: This research examines the role of strategic management, program evaluation, and educational planning in formulating a relevant educational vision in the digital era and improving the quality of educational services through data-driven decision-making. The method used is a bibliographic study by searching the literature through leading academic databases, using keywords such as strategic management, educational program evaluation, and data-driven decision making. The selected literature meets the criteria of scientific quality and up-to-dateness, primarily focusing on publications of the last five years. The relevant literature is then analyzed thematically to identify key concepts, underlying theories, and findings that can be adopted in Indonesia's education context. The study results show that Indonesia's education sector faces various strategic challenges, including education planning that has not fully considered technological dynamics and labor market demands. This research emphasizes the importance of implementing adaptive strategic management, participatory program evaluation, and data-driven planning to formulate a contextual educational vision in the digital era. These three approaches are crucial in improving the quality of inclusive, relevant, and sustainable education services in Indonesia. Further research can be conducted field studies to test the effectiveness of implementing data-based management in certain educational units.

Abstract: This study aims to develop an Islamic counseling model of Mujadalah Ahsan to overcome mental health problems (mental illness) in final year students of the Islamic Education Counseling Guidance Study Program (BKPI) at State Islamic Religious Universities (PTKIN) in Sumatra. Final-year BKPI students often face academic, social, and personal pressures that can trigger mental health disorders. The Mujadalah Ahsan model proposed in this study integrates Islamic counseling principles with a good and wise communication approach (ahsanu mujadalah), by the teachings of the Qur'an. The research method used is research and development (R&D), which involves needs analysis, model development, validation test by experts, and implementation in the field. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and questionnaires distributed to students and BKPI supervisors at PTKIN. The results showed that the Mujadalah Ahsan Islamic counseling model is effective in helping students overcome problems of anxiety, depression, and academic pressure through a harmonious spiritual and psychological approach. This model also contributes to developing Islamic counseling theory and practice that is more relevant in the context of Islamic higher education and enriching alternative approaches in dealing with mental health in students. Thus, this model is hoped to be implemented more widely in various PTKIN in Indonesia to support students' mental well-being.

Abstract: This article describes the discourse of turāth in the Islamic world and its significance in Indonesian Islamic education in the contemporary era. The research method used in this article is qualitative content analysis by critically reviewing primary and secondary literature data. Conclusions of the results show that the discourse of turāth in the Islamic world has given rise to polarizations in Islamic thought movements, including issues of violence in the name of religion, due to differences in responses to turāth and modernity. In Indonesia, discussions of the discourse of turāth have given birth to a new strand of Islamic thought called “Islamic Post-Traditionalism”. In the context of Indonesian Islamic education in the contemporary era, the discourse of turāth has significance in mapping the direction towards a bright future for Indonesian Muslims and formulating Islamic education based on peace. This article proposes the discourse of Islamic Post-Traditionalism as a paradigmatic framework to achieve these goals, both at the micro (individual) and meso (institutional) levels, as well as the macro (social) level. In turn, the construction of a civil society based on the Islamic principle of rahmah li al-‘ālamīn is expected to be realized in Indonesia in the future.

Abstract: Thinking creatively is crucial for students' academic and personal development. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Lesson Study-based Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model on the creative thinking skills of seventh-grade students in social studies at SMP Negeri 2 Cimahi. The research was motivated by students' low creative thinking ability, as indicated by their reliance on textbooks and lack of initiative in independent problem-solving. This study employed a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design, involving two groups: an experimental group that received Lesson Study-based PjBL and a control group taught using the lecture method. Data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests, classroom observations, and documentation. The data analysis used quantitative statistical techniques to compare the improvement in students' creative thinking abilities. The results revealed a significant difference between the two groups, with the experimental group showing a higher increase in creative thinking skills, particularly in fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. These findings suggest that the Lesson Study-based PJBL model is an effective instructional approach to foster student creativity. Future research should explore its long-term impact and potential application in other subjects and educational levels.

Abstract: This study aims to identify the main challenges in integrating digital technology in education and e-government in Indonesia. The research method uses a literature approach to collect and analyze relevant literature on digital innovation in educational technology and e-government in Indonesia. Primary sources include scientific articles, theory books, government policy documents, and international journals to compare technology implementations in developing countries. This approach enriches the analysis with various theoretical perspectives and valid information on the challenges and solutions of digital implementation in the education and government sectors. The work identifies key challenges in integrating digital technologies for e-government and education, such as uneven infrastructure, low digital literacy, and resistance to change. The digital divide in 3T areas exacerbates inequality in access to education and public services. Potential solutions include infrastructure development, digital literacy training, master plan development, and public awareness campaigns. With collaboration between the government, the education sector, and the community, Indonesia can utilize digital technology to improve the quality of public services and socio-economic life.

Abstract: The issue of creative thinking encompasses various contexts, including those about Adversity Quotient students, necessitating further elucidation of the problem to ascertain students' metacognitive levels. This research constitutes a qualitative descriptive exploratory study aimed at delineating the creative thinking process of students, with a focus on students' Adversity Quotient and metacognition levels, as examined through the lens of information processing theories. The study participants were 29 students from the 11th grade of SMA. The research methodology involved administering tests to students, with subsequent analysis of the results utilizing the exploratory descriptive method, wherein the researcher categorized students based on their Adversity Quotient and metacognition levels. Data collection in this study employed instruments in the form of open-ended questions and interview guidelines. Initial test results revealed that seven students could provide comprehensive answers to the questions, nine offered partial responses, and 13 did not respond. Further analysis of the test results indicated that one subject classified as the "climbers" type exhibited the reflective use level of metacognition, one subject of the "campers" type demonstrated the semi-reflective use level of metacognition, and one subject of the "quitters" type displayed the tacit use level of metacognition.

Abstract: The development of technology has a significant impact on the world of education. One of them is the use of games as a learning medium. This study aims to develop an educational game integrated with a live worksheet. The development research was conducted using a design thinking approach. The design thinking stages are carried out through five steps: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test. The feasibility of educational games is reviewed based on expert assessments, the practicality of educational games is reviewed based on student response questionnaires, and the effectiveness of educational games is reviewed based on the results of field trials. A total of thirty students of SMP Muhammadiyah 5 Semarang became research respondents. The study results showed that educational games are feasible for mathematics learning, with an Aiken V value of 0.93. The practicality test results showed that students responded to 88.67%, with a very good category. The effectiveness test of using educational games with SPSS using the Wilcoxon Signed Test obtained a Sig. 2-tailed value of 0.000 <0.05. This shows that educational games can improve students' mathematical thinking skills in data presentation materials. This study suggests improvements in creating educational games that need to pay attention to interesting storylines and the placement of practice questions to increase students' motivation in learning mathematics.

Abstract: This study aims to identify and synthesize the dimensions of 21st-century teacher competencies through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach based on the PRISMA protocol. The main focus of this study is to formulate a new conceptual framework that is more holistic and responsive to the demands of today's education. This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, which is compiled based on the PRISMA. However, the results of the thematic readings also reveal the emergence of repeated implicit patterns regarding the importance of environmental sustainability, teacher welfare, learning innovation, and inclusive education. Based on the reflection on these findings, a new conceptual model was formulated called SPIRIT, an acronym for Sustainable, Professional, Innovative, Resilient, and Inclusive Teachers. The SPIRIT model offers a more integrative framework of teacher competencies, covering academic, social, emotional, and contextual dimensions. These findings not only broaden the understanding of the competence of today's teachers but also provide conceptual contributions that can be used in developing education policies, teacher education curricula, and ongoing professional training.

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the needs of students' creativity skills in learning, develop a Team Project-Based Flip Classroom Learning Model, and determine the learning model's effectiveness. The research was conducted at one of the vocational schools in Sukoharjo Regency. This research was conducted as research and development using mixed methods in data collection. The instrument's validity for measuring the learning model was evaluated using the Aiken V coefficient, and the model's effectiveness was determined using the N-gain score. The results showed that the team project-based flip classroom learning model is reliable and efficient. This model has three main steps: independent learning, face-to-face learning, and guided learning for self-reflection. These findings imply that teachers, particularly at the vocational education level, can utilize the team-project-based flipped classroom learning model as an alternative learning strategy that emphasizes material mastery and optimizes student creativity development. This model is also relevant for applications in subjects requiring technical skills and creative problem-solving.

Abstract: This study aims to investigate PPG students' perceptions regarding the program's effective implementation at UIN Datokarama Palu and identify factors that affect the program's effectiveness. The research method used is a mixed method in which we simultaneously employed quantitative and qualitative methods. We surveyed the distribution of questionnaires using Google Forms and conducted in-depth interviews with several PPG students. The results indicate that most students consider the PPG relevant to improving teachers’ competencies and skills. The competencies include selecting, planning, developing, using, and actualizing various classroom teaching materials. Meanwhile, the skills include practicing digital learning and choosing and using relevant teaching material in digital format. However, various obstacles still exist, such as the lack of active interaction in learning, internet connection issues, and the mismatch between task load and available time. Based on the findings, this study recommends improving technological infrastructure, strengthening mentoring, and re-evaluating the curriculum and program management to enhance the Effectiveness of PPG in the future. Future studies should focus on increasing PPG students’ engagement experience during the online PPG program delivery.

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the implications of the policy of eliminating and reinstating the major system in Senior High Schools (SMA) on the development of students' interests and talents in Lampung Province. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and case study method, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation in seven senior high schools across the Lampung region. The analysis used Foucauldian Discursive Analysis (FDA) to map the policy dynamics in two government periods: 2019–2024 and 2024–2029. The study results show that the Independent Curriculum policy (2019–2024) provides a wider exploration space for students' interests and talents, but faces implementation challenges due to limited infrastructure and human resources. Meanwhile, the major reinstatement policy (2024–2029) provides a more structured learning direction, but risks narrowing students' exploration space. A comparison of the two shows that the effectiveness of the policy is highly dependent on institutional readiness and the quality of mentoring. This study recommends a hybrid approach that combines the flexibility of subject selection with the major structure as an alternative solution for a more adaptive and inclusive secondary education system.

Abstract: This research aims to explore the integration of the analysis of meaning changes in language learning through comedy media as a contextual and reflective pedagogical approach. Using a mixed-methods design, the study involved 250 high school students from urban and rural backgrounds divided into experimental and control groups. Data were collected through linguistic corpus analysis (N > 10,000 units), pretest–posttest, in-depth interviews, and learning observations. Data analysis was performed quantitatively with paired t-tests, hierarchical regression, and qualitative thematic analysis using NVivo software. The results showed that students in the experimental group experienced a significant improvement in their ability to interpret contextual and metaphorical meanings (p < 0.001, d Cohen = 1.2). Visualizations such as heatmaps, word clouds, and semantic networks show that words such as body, bolt, and Jockey undergo complex expansion of meaning and can be read as representations of social change. These findings show that educational humor has strong potential as a language learning medium that builds critical literacy, broadens semantic insights, and enhances students' empathy for socio-cultural issues. This study concludes that comedy-based semantic approaches are effective for vocabulary mastery and relevant in shaping a generation of learners sensitive to the dynamics of language and meaning in social life.

Abstract: One of the most prevalent issues in educational environments is deliberate academic procrastination on school-related assignments. Students' academic performance may suffer due to this behavior, which could impede their achievement. Examining how academic stress, self-efficacy, and self-control affect students' propensity to put off academic tasks is the goal of this study. This quantitative study was conducted on ninth-grade pupils at a Surabaya state madrasah. A total of 147 students participated, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted using Google Forms distributed through the class WhatsApp group. To analyze the influence of independent and dependent variables, SPSS version 26 was used to analyze multiple linear regression. The study's findings suggest that neither academic stress nor self-efficacy substantially impacts students' academic procrastination. Self-control has a statistically significant impact on academic procrastinating behavior. Academic procrastination was significantly influenced by academic stress, self-efficacy, and self-control. Academic procrastination is thus significantly predicted by self-control. At one of the state madrasahs in Surabaya, students' academic procrastination is not primarily predicted by academic stress or self-efficacy.

Abstract: This qualitative research aims to analyze the phenomenon of bullying in schools to develop social sciences learning materials using literature studies and thematic synthesis. The research method includes collecting secondary literature from various indexed and accredited journals (Google Scholar, ISSN, Sinta, and Scopus), research reports, and credible documents published between 2015 and 2025. The thematic synthesis process includes initial coding, theme development, theme validation, theme naming, and compiling a narrative synthesis. This study has divided its findings into two main categories: 1) Development of Social Studies (IPS) learning materials on bullying in schools, which include the history of bullying, factors causing bullying, various forms of bullying, impacts of bullying, and the basis of contemporary social theory to understand the dynamics of bullying. 2) Strategies for developing Social Studies (IPS) learning materials for bullying prevention that can be implemented through Problem-Based Learning (PBL), strengthening social behavior, integration of Social and Emotional Learning (SEL), and the application of proposed social learning theories to encourage critical reflection and development of student empathy. This study's results provide a reference for Social Studies teachers, curriculum developers, researchers, and policymakers aiming to reduce and prevent bullying through an anti-bullying-focused Social Studies curriculum.

Abstract: This study investigates the local expertise of Nyangu (traditional rice cooking) in the Sundanese community as a source of cultural character education principles, emphasizing health, food security, and moral-social aspects. The study uses an integrated literature review strategy to synthesis qualitative and quantitative data from many disciplines, including cultural anthropology, education, and nutrition. Thematic analysis yielded three key findings: (1) Nyangu boosts health by producing resistant starch, lowering the glycemic index, and lowering the risk of diabetes and obesity compared to modern rice cookers. (2) It incorporates food security through zero-waste practices, repurposing leftovers into traditional meals (e.g., opak, pepes), and demonstrates sustainable resource management in line with the SDGs. (3) The practice instills moral-social values such as community eating (botram) and food reverence, which promote social cohesiveness and cultural identity. The conclusions underline the importance of Nyangu in sustaining Sundanese history in the face of globalization, with implications for incorporating its values into official and informal education curricula. This integration can potentially strengthen cultural identity, encourage sustainable practices to counter cultural degradation, and call for a legislative framework linking traditional practices with modern educational institutions.

Abstract: Digital transformation in education has become crucial to improving effectiveness in academic processes. This study aims to develop the RTFAC application to enhance the efficiency of the Semester Learning Plan (Rencana Pembelajaran Semester) formulation. The research employs the research and development method with the Borg & Gall model. The subjects involved in this study include experts, PGMI and PAI lecturers, researchers, and the university's quality assurance institution. The study resulted in a product in the form of an RPS formulation application called RTFAC. Product testing results on aspects such as feature compatibility with RPS formulation needs, application functionality quality, user interface, application performance efficiency, curriculum alignment, and data reliability and security, as assessed by expert validators, are deemed highly feasible. Based on the effectiveness test using a one-sample t-test, it was found that the RTFAC application significantly improves the efficiency of RPS formulation. Therefore, the RTfac application at UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung is expected to reduce lecturers' workload in formulating semester learning plans (RPS), which may contribute to enhanced pedagogical effectiveness.

Abstract: This study describes the best practices of implementing case methods and team-based projects in Consulting Project lectures related to achieving Higher Education Key Performance Indicators (KPI-HE). The study used a qualitative descriptive method to describe and depict the best practices of implementing case method and team-based project models in Consulting Project lectures. The research participants were 82 students taking consulting project lectures in the Mathematics Study Program. The case method and team-based project models were carried out simultaneously in lectures, directly confronting students with real problems, challenging students to develop creativity and critical thinking in determining various alternative solutions. The creation of various alternative solutions to partner issues and the formal signing of the Cooperation Agreement between the study program and partners prove that the consulting project lecture supports the achievement of the study program's KPI, especially KPI 6 related to partnerships and KPI 7 related to collaborative participatory classes. The best practices reported in this study will contribute to the study program in improving the quality of learning and, in general, in revising the curriculum, especially for courses aimed at training students to become part of the world of work and industry.

Abstract: International Islamic boarding schools (IIBS) are updating their educational curriculum by utilizing digital media in the learning process as a solution to the lag of students in the global era, especially in accessing information literacy during college selection. This study examines the use of digital media using the Uses and Gratifications theory with a descriptive qualitative approach, conducted in IIBS, which has international networks and a curriculum. Informants consist of students, teaching teams, and information technology managers. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews and participatory observations. The data analysis technique uses an interactive model that includes data reduction, presentation, and concluding. The results show that the literacy level of students of IIBS is quite good compared to other Islamic boarding schools, because the administrators of international Islamic boarding schools understand the importance of digital media in the globalization era. Digital utilization is limited so as not to disrupt the activities of Islamic boarding schools. In addition, international-standard Islamic boarding schools can change the bad stereotypes of students, proven by alums of Islamic boarding schools being able to compete with the community, especially in the best university competitions and scholarships.

Abstract: This study explores the implementation of Experiential Learning in enhancing students' historical thinking skills. Historical thinking is a critical competency that enables students to analyze, interpret, and critically evaluate historical events, moving beyond rote memorization. However, history education in Indonesia is predominantly lecture-based, limiting student engagement and analytical skill development. This research adopts a qualitative case study approach conducted at a high school in Pontianak, involving history teachers and students. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observations, and document analysis. The findings indicate that Experiential Learning, through methods such as historical field trips, reenactments, and project-based learning, significantly improves students' chronological understanding, awareness of historical causation, and empathy for historical figures. The study also identifies challenges, including resource constraints and the need for more effective instructional strategies. The research concludes that Experiential Learning promotes a deeper, more meaningful understanding of history, empowering students to construct knowledge through firsthand experiences actively. Future research should focus on developing scalable models for integrating Experiential Learning in diverse educational settings.

Abstract: This study offers a study of the values ​​of children's education contained in the Qur'an, Surah Luqman, verses 12-19, with the hope that this study can be a reference for educational institutions and the wider community to educate children based on the Qur'an. This study is a library research using the Qur'an as a primary source. The method used is qualitative, and this study uses a language approach and semantic analysis techniques in analyzing data. This study found seven values ​​of children's education contained in the Qur'an, Surah Luqman, verses 12-19, namely gratitude, monotheism, birrul walidaini, piety, establishing prayer, humility, and asceticism. The construction of the seven values ​​into the curriculum content of children's education is as follows: gratitude contains moral values, monotheism contains belief values, birrul walidaini contains social-emotional and moral values, piety contains cognitive values, establishing prayer contains social-emotional values, humility contains moral and social-emotional values, and asceticism contains language and social values. The findings of this study are expected to be a reference for the Muslim community to educate children based on the Qur'an and to be a reference for informal, formal, and non-formal educational institutions in educating children based on the Qur'an.

Abstract: The study aimed to analyse teachers' pedagogical competence in dealing with children with special needs in inclusive schools. This research is important because the government has established an inclusion system in all schools. Inclusive schools have students from different backgrounds. So that teacher competence becomes very important, especially pedagogical competence, because this is the key to successful learning, in qualitative research conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation. Seeing field conditions directly, looking at documentation of lesson plans to evaluations, and interviewing the teachers involved can provide more in-depth information: triangulating time, sources, and techniques tested data. The results explained that Fun and Play Kindergarten and Talenta Kindergarten teachers had the best pedagogical skills. This can be seen from the pedagogical competence of teachers according to Permendikbud Number 137 in assessing aspects of child development; evaluating theories of play and learning; creating development activities that are by the curriculum; organising educational development activities; and developing children's potential.

Abstract: This study explores the philosophy of Ta’dib as the foundational framework for the Islamic education system, emphasizing moral and character development alongside intellectual growth. This research employed a literature review method by analyzing classical and contemporary sources to explore key Islamic educational concepts' meanings, implications, and differences, including tarbiyah, ta’lim, and Ta’dib. Through a comprehensive examination of relevant books, journal articles, and scholarly works, the study identified Ta’dib as a holistic concept emphasizing moral and character development in Islamic education. The findings reveal that Ta’dib extends beyond formal education by cultivating individuals with noble morals, ethical conduct, and a deep understanding of Islamic values. Unlike tarbiyah and ta’lim, which focus on knowledge transfer and spiritual development, Ta’dib serves as a comprehensive moral compass for shaping character and guiding behavior. The study highlights the relevance of Ta’dib in addressing contemporary educational challenges, particularly in nurturing ethical leadership and fostering community cohesion. Quranic schools embody Ta’dib-based education and are exemplary models of integrating character formation with Islamic teachings. This research concludes that the philosophy of Ta’dib provides a sustainable and effective framework for Islamic education. It recommends that educational institutions adopt Ta’dib-centered curricula to address students' moral, spiritual, and intellectual needs, ensuring they become responsible individuals who embody Islamic principles daily.

Abstract: Good problem-solving will occur if children have good thinking skills and scientific knowledge. This scientific knowledge and thinking skills can be built through learning that integrates the concepts of literacy and STEAM. Physics is one form of science that can be used to develop the concepts of literacy and STEAM. This article aims to introduce activity designs that carry the concepts of literacy and STEAM, which can help early childhood students integrate science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics to achieve certain targets. A more detailed concept of content that carries the concepts of literacy and STEAM is developed as a recommendation to education implementers. This concept design is based on the scene setting for early childhood. This study applies the 'most appropriate framework synthesis' approach, supported by interviews, in-depth observations, and literature reviews, to strengthen the conceptual framework in this study. The results of this study are a conceptual framework that refers to STEAM education but is more focused on the subject of physics. With a clear and completely structured conceptual framework, it is hoped that learning activities with the STEAM approach can run optimally and help stimulate cognitive, language, psychomotor, and social-emotional understanding in early childhood through the five STEAM disciplines.

Abstract: This study examines the implementation of gender justice principles in Islamic education within family contexts in Disanah Village, Indonesia. Using a mixed-methods approach combining surveys (n=83 households) and in-depth interviews, the research explores parental perceptions regarding educational equality between male and female children. The study investigates how Islamic principles related to educational justice are understood and applied at the family level, particularly in rural Indonesian Muslim communities. Through a sequential explanatory design, quantitative data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, followed by qualitative interviews analyzed thematically. The findings reveal that while all respondents (100%) acknowledge their responsibility for children's education, perspectives on equal treatment vary slightly, with 94.04% supporting equal educational opportunities regardless of gender and 5.95% prioritizing children with exceptional abilities. The study concludes that Islamic principles of educational justice are widely understood and valued in the community, though implementation challenges persist. These findings contribute to understanding how religious values can support gender equality in educational settings and offer insights for developing culturally-sensitive approaches to promoting educational equity in Muslim-majority contexts.