Abstract: This paper explored the attitudes of Kuwaiti residents toward corruption practices in Kuwait and the role of the Nazaha Kuwait Anti-Corruption Authority in tackling such actions. To achieve the aim of this study, a survey questionnaire, which was based on a survey introduced by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in 2018, was distributed to 535 participants in Kuwait. The questionnaire covered areas related to problems facing Kuwait, behaviors of public officers, opinions on practices of public sector employees, corruption in Kuwait by industry, the role of Nazaha in Kuwait, the correlation between bribery and access to government services, and the reporting of corruption in Kuwait. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS. The findings indicate that 374 respondents noted corruption as the most serious problem in Kuwait, which is practiced systematically in Kuwait due to the prevalence of nepotism and other cultural reasons. In addition, it was found that there is dissatisfaction with the role of Nazaha, with 46.9 and 32.3% of participants reporting that Nazaha did not react in time and did not catch offenders, respectively. This study suggests that Nazaha should be empowered with further legal means to tackle corruption in the future.

Abstract: While state culpability in compounding disasters is nothing new, in the aftermath of the recent earthquake in Turkey the extent of state dysfunction characterized by paralysis of the administrative institutions was unprecedented. Autocratization does not mesh well with effective disaster and crisis management, neither in theory nor in practice. Over the last two decades, rising competitive authoritarianism in the country has undermined accountability, participation, predictability, and transparency in Turkish governance structures, all of which are key factors that support risk reduction and disaster management. Relying on a conceptual and theoretical inquiry informed by the concepts of autocratic legalism and tailor-made laws, this case study argues that countries characterized by competitive authoritarianism are less effective in managing disasters, because they abuse state institutions for partisan goals, create disparities in access to public resources, and diminish accountability mechanisms. The elimination of democracy as a guiding principle in public-sector management is proving ever more disastrous as details concerning the response to the earthquake emerge. This analysis offers lessons and insights regarding the strategies that were used to sideline the bureaucracy and oversight processes.

Abstract: Despite a general awareness of the potential of big data in terms of public interest, several obstacles prevent their effective sharing. This study, linking the discourse on data to the concepts of data value and accountability, aims at emancipating the scientific debate from the emphasis on administrative transparency and the protection of privacy, tracing new perspectives for future research. The present research examines the main peer-reviewed articles published by journals that have dealt with data value and accountability across the public and private dimensions. The bibliometric analysis carried out indicates a propensity by current literature to consider the issue of data value creation either only in the private (data as input to improve business performance or customer relations) or in the public dimension (open data government models). This means that research on behavioral data for public governance has so far been underestimated. Evidence shows that big data value creation is closely associated with a collective process where multiple levels of interaction and data sharing develop among private and public actors in a multilayered accountability environment.

Abstract: Abstract Central to understanding race and racism is understanding how public organizations are racialized and create systems that maintain inequity. This paper seeks to address this area of scholarship by constructing a framework of racialized public organizations. The framework emphasizes that similar to how many public organizations are gendered as masculine, they are also raced as white. Specifically, underlying the functioning of many public organizations, is the concept of white normativity. By recognizing how organizations are embedded in white normativity, public administration scholars and practitioners can more effectively pursue racial equity.

Abstract: Freedom of Information (FOI) or Access to Information (ATI) legislation regulates the right to make written requests for government records. Previous research either interrogates the effectiveness of FOI/ATI legislation for advancing government transparency or positions the requests as a means for gathering data on government institutions. This article intervenes in this debate by treating FOI/ATI mechanisms as the vantage point from which to examine questions about power in public administration. Adopting a transformative approach, this article explores the potential of using FOI/ATI requests as a liberatory tool that enables the analysis of power dynamics in public administration. For this purpose, the author draws upon her experience with Canada’s ATI regime and requests from the Immigration and Refugee Board. This article documents how ATI requests reveal policy tensions within the Board related to case and performance management, as well as patterns of front-line staff resistance to these measures. It goes on to examine complaints about delays made to the ATI watchdog which expose the attribution of ATI resources towards non-ATI responsibilities. This article highlights the contribution that FOI/ATI requests can make to public administration research.

Abstract: AbstractThis paper aims to identify the extent to which neurodiverse individuals experience fair representation in public sector organizations in Egypt and the main factors that foster such representation. A systematic qualitative research method was used with data collected through semi-structured interviews with 36 street-level bureaucrats who have the title “general manager.” The findings show the underrepresentation of neurodiverse individuals in the Egyptian public sector. Moreover, we consider the three main categories of barriers hindering the active participation of people with neurological conditions in the Egyptian public sector to be as follows: individual barriers (inability to create social dialogue, lower educational level), organizational barriers (neurotypical employees lack the socio-cultural readiness to accept neuro-atypical colleagues, traditional means of recruiting, lack of flexibility of jobs in public organizations) and national barriers (high unemployment rate among neurodiverse individuals in Western countries, discretionary power granted to public employees, slow adoption of the social approach to disability in the Egyptian context).Keywords: Neurodiversitystreet-level bureaucracypublic sectorbusiness case of diversitytheory of emancipationEgypt Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Correction StatementThis article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Abstract: Professional codes of ethics are widely regarded as an authority for public administrators as they navigate ethical decision-making. Despite this importance, the codes themselves have not been evaluated for the tensions that may exist amongst different codes of ethics documents. Through a conventional content analysis of seven codes of ethics documents, I demonstrate that there are differing conceptions of what constitutes the “public interest.” Furthermore, I show how codes of ethics documents imply different levels of expectations on individual practitioners as it pertains to personal morality. I then show how there is emphasis on what not to do and not enough emphasis on the possible and feasible ethical decisions that can be made. I conclude with a discussion that suggests future research should pay attention to the nuances behind what codes of ethics documents are really expressing while focusing on a tempered approach between reactive and unrealistically aspirational values.

Abstract: Corruption enables private gains for public purposes, violates democracy, and incapacitates the majority of people. Though under-discussed, business or corporate corruption rather flourishes from governments’ various omissions and commissions. The field-responses in several parts of West Bengal, India reveal that people have sound understanding of both business and government corruption, but their individual efforts are too inadequate in countering corruption. Still, such awareness; and people’s continued interest in politics sets the context before collective capability: by non-violent means, people need to use the state’s space for asserting empowerment and agency; and revitalize the regulatory agencies, as countervailing forces for strengthening democracy’s space against corruption.

Abstract: The article presents a case study on the law that regulates disciplinary processes in the Brazilian Federal Public Service (Act 8,112/1990). The aim of this investigation is to examine the features of the law that may lead to unfairness in disciplinary processes. Two theoretical concepts guide the investigation: “institutional corruption” and “administrative evil.” Institutional corruption refers to rules, arrangements, and procedures that, despite their legality and ethical intent, exert a systemic and strategic influence that impairs organizational performance and effectiveness. Administrative evil alludes to the phenomenon in which public officials cause harm to innocent people while explaining away their responsibility, usually by projecting negative emotions to an external “object” (i.e., another person). Through a comparison between disciplinary processes and criminal cases, the analysis makes evident that Act. 8,112/1990 deviates from its original purpose of promoting ethical behaviour in the public service because it fails to provide individual protections to defendants. Thus, disciplinary processes in the Brazilian Federal Government can be seen as a case of institutional corruption that opens opportunities for administrative evil. The article presents measures to prevent disciplinary processes from becoming conveyors of institutional corruption and administrative evil and suggest a theme for further research.

Abstract: AbstractLove is at the heart of the mission of public service. Nevertheless, the field of public administration has drifted away from this core principle. In this article, we propose an approach to integrating philanthropy education into the public affairs curriculum that could realign public service with its mission to love. We identify, however, a significant challenge that persists. That is, traditional philanthropic education often emphasizes “elite philanthropy” tied to unequal wealth distribution (what we refer to here as philanthropy’s hegemonic archetype). Thus, traditional philanthropic education, although conceptually rooted in love, is generally far removed from notions of love. To overcome this challenge, we focus on the use of experiential philanthropy as a means to empower students to engage in meaningful philanthropic acts. However, we acknowledge that the approach may not completely transform students due to, what studies have found to be, its oftentimes short-term impact. We, therefore, explore how combining experiential philanthropy with methods of auto-inquiry, specifically autoethnographic filmmaking, can liberate philanthropy from its “elite” image and sustain students’ genuine commitment to love—and ultimately to public service.Keywords: Experiential philanthropyfilmmakingautoethnographycritical thinkingpedagogy Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Self-reflection focuses on one’s thoughts, feelings, and actions, whereas self-reflexivity is a way of being that involves noticing patterns in one’s experience. According to Nagata (Citation2004), “self-reflexivity can be understood as having an ongoing conversation with one’s whole self about what one is experiencing as one is experiencing it. To be self-reflexive is to engage in this meta-level of feeling and thought while being in the moment” (p. 141).2 It should be noted that inevitably one must rely on tenets of autobiography in order to conduct autoethnography.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze the most widely used import substitution instruments of CIS and identifying the most prospective directions for import substitution developing in the economy of post-Soviet states. Due to implementation of a multi-stage comprehensive research project based on a quantitative approach, the aim of this study was achieved. The present study showed that three main import substitution instruments for CIS are import duties, non-tariff methods of foreign trade regulating and domestic policy instruments to support national producers. In addition, based on the correlation and regression analysis of the time series model, strong correlations between import by export coverage ratio and the productive capacity index of structural changes were found for almost all the countries studied. This indicates the reverse effect of protectionist import substitution mechanisms on a domestic market development. The reasons for the choice of management mechanisms by the public administration of most CIS countries, which lead to a purposely negative result, could not be studied within this work. Additionally, the results may be useful in practical work of anti-corruption organizations for the suppression and prevention of the corrupt state-criminal networks in the field of import substitution.

Abstract: AbstractMaking meaningful progress towards achieving racial equity in public serving institutions requires making equity-informed decisions, which itself requires the use of equity-oriented data. Public and nonprofit organizations, however, are at varying degrees of readiness to use this data and to make equity-focused decisions. We draw on qualitative research to examine how children's hospitals use equity-focused neighborhood data to understand racial/ethnic inequities in the populations they serve and eventually to make decisions that can help correct these inequities. The interactions between data producers and users involve not only technical exchanges, but also the adoption of shared analytic frameworks that center equity, as well as "nervous" conversations. Our analysis indicates that qualitative interrogations of the use of quantitative data within organizations may help to overcome knowledge, organization, and equity readiness barriers to equitable outcomes. Using equity-focused data for data-driven decision-making is relational, so qualitative research methods can facilitate the reflexivity and critical mindsets needed to change organizational practices to improve racial equity. Employing qualitative methods can help data producers make their construction and dissemination of data more rigorous. Facilitating equity conversations can also help improve relationships with data users, which is necessary for data collaborations to promote racial equity.Keywords: Racial equitydataorganizationsqualitative methods AcknowledgmentsThank you to Lindsay Rosenfeld and Jessica Kramer for your helpful input in previous drafts as well as to the many users of the COI, including those that contributed to this research.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 The COI 2.0 is a composite index of neighborhood opportunity for children measured at the census tract level. It has been developed by the diversitydatakids.org project at Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, of which we are a part. Complete index data, documentation, and a COI interactive map are available at the project website, diversitydatakids.org.2 We use pseudonyms and gender-neutral language for all participants to preserve anonymity.Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation [grant 71192] and the W.K. Kellogg Foundation [grant P3036220]. The sponsors played no role in study design, analysis, interpretation of data, writing of the manuscript, or submission for publication. There was no additional external funding received for this study.

Abstract: The main purpose of the article research is to identify the reasons and motives for the commission of professional misconduct by these groups of officials and specialists in the field of jurisprudence. In this study, a combination of methods of systematic analysis of the main aspects of conducting a pre-trial investigation with the involvement of a defence lawyer and the participation of a prosecutor was used, with an analytical study of the theoretical possibilities of admitting professional misconduct by the indicated categories of specialists from jurisprudence during the pre-trial investigation. The results of this work indicate the relevance of the issues submitted for consideration in the context of the functioning of the legal systems of various countries, as well as the importance of their timely resolution within the framework of existing legal norms, which implies increasing the level of professionalism of lawyers and employees of the prosecutor’s office and minimizing the possibility of their committing professional misconduct. The findings of the research are of significant importance for all categories of professional employees in the field of jurisprudence and can be used in practice in order to determine the level of professional competence of defence lawyers, prosecutors and other officials.

Abstract: This essay argues that the crisis precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic and George Floyd homicide casts a harsh light on an ethical decline that has been underway for more than two decades. Case studies that teach administrators how to adhere to bureaucratic values and the conventional approach to politics and administration are not sufficient to guide administrators into the new normal where they will have to make their own contribution to creating and sustaining democracy and social justice.

Abstract: AbstractCommunication is critical for nonprofit fundraising activity because it fosters trust and accountability as well as enhances mutual understanding of the nonprofit’s mission and objectives. Nonprofit organizations develop their own strategies based on who they communicate with and utilize a variety of content through various channels and media. Although it is critical for nonprofits to use their funds efficiently for communication and fundraising, they must also consider ethical concerns. Utilizing a text network analysis and narrative review, we find that although research on fundraising communication has been increasing in the past years, ethical fundraising communication has been rarely studied. Furthermore, beneficiaries and fundraisers have been far less studied compared to donors. The results also show that the emergence of new media such as social media was the main driver of diversifying research in recent years. Our findings suggest that nonprofits are ethically and equally accountable to both givers (donors and funders) and receivers (beneficiaries and recipients). Especially, it is critical being cautious when dealing with socially vulnerable populations such as the elderly, patients, and those in need. This study provides directions for future research and practical implications.Keywords: Fundraisingcommunication ethics Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 https://clarivate.com/webofsciencegroup/solutions/web-of-science-core-collection/

Abstract: Abstract Municipal managers and employees often work closely with elected officials due to the smaller nature of their organizations, and they may be subject to abusive behavior in the workplace. However, they have no legal recourse for such abusive behavior unless that behavior also violates federal or state law. Most municipal elected officials in the United States are not required to go through any human resource training or workplace civility training. Since local elected officials may have little understanding of government operations and human resources, it often leaves managers and employees especially vulnerable. Local elected officials should be required to complete training related to human resources, and municipalities should adopt civility codes that apply to the behavior of elected officials as well as that of employees and managers. This is especially important in local government because municipal employees are less insulated from elected officials than federal or state employees. The public sector should strive for a higher ethical standard to protect its employees by requiring robust human resource and civility training for all elected officials at the local level.

Abstract: Reflexivity, which requires the conscious appraisal of how researchers’ social positions and subjectivities interact with the research process, has become increasingly popular in qualitative research with participants at heightened risk of marginalization and trauma histories. Despite the documented traumas associated with marginalization, little has been written about the process of integrating a reflexive approach into research with marginalized communities. This methodological paper seeks to redress this gap by illuminating how our research team used the lens of space as a reflexive framework to attend to positionality, transformation, and power in a qualitative study with older persons with experiences of homelessness. These reflections emerged from our work conducting research in one of three sites associated with a pan-Canadian study, on housing, aging, place/space, and homelessness. More specifically, they emerged from our team’s observations and de-briefings during and following data collection with 11 participants (aged 50+ years) of a long-term transitional housing site in Montreal, Canada. These reflections illuminate how integrating concepts of space may provide an avenue for attending to reflexivity when conducting research that informs policy and public service initiatives for marginalized communities, and support research processes that disrupt tendencies to overlook trauma.

Abstract: Given the presence of constant discussions on the issue of judicial law-making, a study was conducted, the purpose of which was to study the issue of law-making of the Supreme Court of the United States, as well as the general principles of judicial law-making of the United States, including a retrospective analysis of the American legal system. The basis of the methodological approach is historical-comparative and dialectical methods, with the help of which a detailed retrospective analysis of the American legal system was carried out and the origins of court law-making, its forms and detection were studied. The results of this study made it possible to qualitatively assess the state of judicial law-making in the United States of America. The influence of the colonists on the customary law of the indigenous population was analyzed, as well as the mixing of royal law with the local law of the colonists on the territory of the United States. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the research to improve the judicial system of both the countries of the Central Asian region and the countries of Eastern Europe.

Abstract: Australia has been the site of major advances in the creation of public sector anticorruption commissions since 1989. However, commissions with broad jurisdiction have been limited to the six states until 2023. The federal jurisdiction lagged behind, with a series of scandals driving intensified debates from 2013. Performance issues associated with state agencies formed part of the debate. The present paper reviews this history, focusing on the intensification of research and lobbying efforts leading to the establishment of a National Anti-Corruption Commission in 2023. The paper also critiques the legislation behind the new agency, arguing it entails considerable limitations and that agency legitimacy and effectiveness will only be achieved through the inclusion of integrity issues of concern to citizens, a strong focus on prevention, and significant independence in investigations and adjudication. These lessons are of relevance to other jurisdictions facing the issue of effective institutional responses to public sector misconduct risks.

Abstract: French law 2004-228 and Quebec’s Bill 21 has prohibited wearing conspicuous religious symbols while discharging public duty, especially as teachers in public school. This has aroused robust public debate because it disproportionately affects Muslim women wearing hijabs. This paper investigates the philosophical/ethical argument on both sides of the debate. The key research question is whether liberal feminists have the justification to support the hijab ban. The paper outlines different types of liberal feminism and their views on just social arrangements. The paper uses Gheaus’s concept of gender justice and Kabeer’s definition of gender empowerment to structure the debate, stating that feminists will support the ban if it enhances empowerment and makes society more gender-just or internal working of social arrangements, at least procedurally just. The paper draws on the utilitarian argument, Nussbaum’s and Sen’s articulation of the Capability Approach and the importance of identity, and Bourdieu’s concept of Habitus, Doxa, and Symbolic Violence. The paper argues that there are strong arguments on both sides. Still, liberal feminists concerned about structural inequalities, economic empowerment, and individual freedom may not be convinced that the Hijab ban makes society more gender-just or improves individual empowerment.

Abstract: AbstractSocial contract is one of the most common schemes for justifying patents. According to this theory, inventors obtain a commercial exclusivity in exchange for the disclosure of the invention, with the final aim of allowing others to use that knowledge in future innovations. Under the rationale of this social contract theory of patents, if a patent system is not guided by impartiality in its decisions, the relation between disclosure of inventions and future innovation becomes an issue, because non-merit factors in patent examination influence the quality of the knowledge disclosed. The aim of this article is to analyse impartiality in patent systems and, by doing so, defend that there is an epistemic side on both impartiality and social contract theory.Keywords: Impartialitypatentsinnovationvalues AcknowledgmentsThis project has been funded with support from the Spanish Government (FPU Program. Reference: FPU19/03734). It has also received funding from the research project “Los condicionantes del cambio tecnológico en España, 1950–2000: formación e investigación” (Grant number: PID2021-128653NB-I00), by the Spanish Ministry of Science. I would also like to thank Ana Cuevas, Santiago M. López, Mar Cebrián, Bralind Kiri, Mariano Martín-Villuendas and the Spanish Patents and Trademark Office.Ethics approval and consent to participateInformed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of University of Salamanca (25/03/2021. No 588).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Since both granted patents and rejected applications are usually published, lack of impartiality affects situations in which States do publish technological information, but in a way that does not promote innovations.2 A clear reference to the examiners in this vein appears in the European Patent Office’s Guidelines for Examination: “(they) may not take part in the decision on a case: (i) in which they may have any personal interest (partiality for subjective reasons) or (ii) in respect of which the party may have good reasons to suspect partiality (partiality for objective reasons)” (European Patent Office, Citation2022, Part E, Chapter XI).3 Above all, it would be opportune to relate them to the quality of the patent systems. We can hypothesize that the behaviour of these examiners affects the overall quality of patent systems, as evidenced by the existence of low-quality patents or patents that are never exploited in some systems. This leads to fewer repercussions than expected.4 In Spanish, “puertas giratorias,” which is the literal translation of the expression.5 This comes without prejudice to the importance of vocation and duty. Furthermore, independence from political power is also a crucial feature (as pointed out by Wilson, Citation1887).6 Literally, “Person Having Ordinary Skill in the Art,” the legal fiction that stablishes the reference for determining whether an invention is obvious or not.7 Many scholars have recently undermined the possibilities of impartiality by emphasizing the importance of deliberation, stakeholder involvement (Triantafillou, Citation2015) and citizen participation (Schmidthuber et al., Citation2019) in all phases of the policymaking process. These proposals must find their way in patent systems as well.

Abstract: AbstractIn this article, I challenge the tendency towards underreported engagement with one’s own positionality vis-à-vis the state and note that qualitative manuscripts offer a unique opportunity to engage in liberatory practices by articulating this specific aspect of positionality on the page. To provide empirical evidence of the value of identifying and reckoning with the scholar’s relationship with the state, I use an autoethnographic approach to articulate the explanatory power of considering of my own state relationship within the research analysis and writing processes. I show that early findings from a qualitative research endeavor led me to view citizen coproduction practices that targeted homeless individuals as overly deterministic rather than distinctively malicious and tied to systems of state violence. In writing the manuscript that was relevant to this research endeavor, I engaged with my positionality vis-à-vis the state directly within the document which enhanced the validity of my final findings. As the qualitative research process is particularly suited for this liberatory practice, I conclude with some loose guidance for other researchers seeking out ways to identify their own relationship with the state and place it within the manuscript.Keywords: Citizen-state interactionshomelessnessqualitative researchgovernancereflexivity Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Abstract: AbstractThe heart of the citizen-state encounter is the interpersonal interaction, and quantitative methods alone cannot fully capture its nuances. The interpersonal citizen-state encounter entails emotions, antecedents, and perspectives that inform present interactions and require interpretation, all hallmarks of qualitative methods. To demonstrate the complexity of the citizen-state encounter and the necessity of listening to interpret interactions, I examine how historical antecedents of African Americans’ encounters with police can create intergenerational socialization into police distrust that informs how police are seen today. Myriad influences enter police interactions, including the knowledge of continuous racism in police history. Administrators untrained in qualitative methods will not be able to appropriately listen and interpret. This project initially planned to explore symbolic representation in policing but, over its course, it became clear that history influenced how respondents viewed police, further highlighting the importance of listening.Keywords: Qualitativeinterviewexperiencefeeling Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 This manuscript uses the terms African American and Black interchangeably throughout to refer to people with dark skin in the United States with a sociocultural connection to specific historical racism in the United States (Williams, Citation2003; Wu, Citation2014). A dark-skinned person in the United States may be subject to inequitable criminal justice systems regardless of their country of origin—for example, a dark-skinned Nigerian immigrant in the United States or a dark-skinned United States’ native might have preferences for one term or the other, and both may be in contexts where they are subject to similar inequitable criminal justice regimes. This is further complicated by the socially constructed nature of race, within which self-identification, social identification, and combinations of the two might have separate social consequences. This research discusses how knowledge of and socialization into specific historically patterned racism in the United States influences perceptions of police, and when either Black or African American is used, in this context it will refer to people who have a sociocultural connection to historical racism in the United States such that they can have their perceptions influenced by it.

Abstract: AbstractOn July 8, 2020, the Office of the Auditor General of Canada (OAG) tabled its report on immigration removals, finding that the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) fails to enforce deportations in a timely manner and has abysmal record-keeping practices. The report concludes that these failings undermine the integrity of Canada’s immigration system and endangers the public. Critical Accounting scholarship problematizes auditing for legitimizing harmful processes through the guise of scrutiny. The OAG audit of the CBSA overlooks the well-documented systemic abuses of the CBSA in administering migrant detention. The article argues “performance audits” are a governmental technology called data laundering that rationalizes the violence inherent in immigration enforcement. Data laundering obscures the fact that policing migration depends on broad discretionary powers, leading to opaque and inconsistent data practices. “Laundering” signals auditing’s inability to be sufficiently adversarial with a sector of law enforcement whose poor data-keeping practices maintains an illusion of recordkeeping as a form of power. Audit dependence on quantitative forms of data increases violence against immigrants; when violent deportation and detention measures are quantified, this presumes an acceptable ledger of force that accounts for, and in so doing legitimizes, state enactment of violence upon vulnerable people.Keywords: Abolitionauditsauditingincarcerationmigration AcknowledgmentsI would like to thank Alison Jones, Nicholas Langdon, and Phil Henderson for valuable comments on previous drafts. I am also indebted to the anonymous peer reviewers and editors whose thoughtful engagement helped tremendously to improve the piece.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 While beyond the scope of this article to review every OAG audit, examples on their website oag-bvg.gc.ca reports on the following: 2003 “Ch. 5 – Immigration Enforcement;” in 2007 “Ch. 7 – Detention and Removal of Individuals;” in 2009 “Ch. 2 – Selecting Foreign Workers Under the Immigration Program;” in “2011 Ch. 2 – Issuing Visas;” in “2016 Report 2 – Detecting and Preventing Fraud in the Citizenship Program,” in 2019 “Report 2 – Processing of Asylum Claims;” and in “2020 Spring – Immigration Removals.”2 Canadian police services collaborate with the CBSA who lack the powers to detain and search individuals unless executing a removal or detention warrant against an identified individual (Moffette, Citation2022). Local police conduct unofficial border enforcement scoops by carrying out checks to ascertain identity for input to CBSA’s warrant database (Moffette, and Ridgley, Citation2018). The baseline structure is that policing is federal and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police is the most encompassing. Provinces, and by extension cities that fall under their jurisdiction, have the right to carve out their own forces if they wish, however, it is top-down policing as opposed to bottom-up as characterizes US policing (Hudson, Citation2021).3 Crimmigration refers to employing the criminal justice system and/or methods to punish and brutalize often impoverished, marginalized, and racialized asylum seekers, irregular migrants, and/or undocumented people (Abji, Citation2020). Crimmigration relies on xenophobic fearmongering and harmful narratives of immigrants as dangerous and threating to public safety (Zyfi and Macklin, Citation2022).

Abstract: Whistleblowers face an intensive trajectory when reporting wrongdoing. What can we learn from the experiences of whistleblowers? This article aims to give a deeper understanding of the process of whistleblowing by exploring stories and experiences of whistleblowers with their report of wrongdoing in the Netherlands. The study identifies similarities and themes in these stories. Results of 20 in-depth interviews reveal that being a whistleblower entails motivation, action, well-being, and the reaction of the organization. We conclude that these aspects all influence the process of whistleblowing, as well as the behavior of the whistleblower. Our study contributes to both practice and literature by examining these stories and their implications to support whistleblowers.