TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of the current rationale and evidence with respect to the variety of interventions available for treating central serous chorioretinopathy, including pharmacology, laser treatment, and photodynamic therapy is provided.

TL;DR: A more comprehensive classification system is needed to improve the understanding of the genetic origins of this disease, which is clearly relevant given the interchangeable-but erroneous-use of the terms high and pathologic myopia in genetic research.

TL;DR: A redefinition of presbyopia is proposed that states “presbyopia occurs when the physiologically normal age‐related reduction in the eye's focusing range reaches a point, when optimally corrected for distance vision, that the clarity of vision at near is insufficient to satisfy an individual's requirements”.

TL;DR: Improvements in accuracy of assessing sensory function and imaging nerves in vivo will reveal more information on the cause and effect relationship between corneal nerves and corNEal diseases.

TL;DR: Currently used keratoplasty techniques, namely PK, DALK, DSAEK, and DMEK are described and an overview on corneal transplant immunology is given, with a specific focus on endothelial graft rejection.

TL;DR: The impact of aging on retinal immune regulation and the connection between homeostatic control ofretinal immune privilege and para‐inflammation under aging conditions is explored and a view that may explain why aging puts the retina at risk of developing degenerative diseases is presented.

TL;DR: Human AO retinal imaging is examined with a concentration on the use of the Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope (AOSLO), which holds promise for being incorporated into clinical trials providing cell specific approaches to monitoring diseases and therapeutic interventions.

TL;DR: Experimental studies in more prevalent vascular eye diseases suggest that aberrantly increased Wnt signaling is one of the causations for pathological ocular neovascularization, indicating the potential of modulating WNT signaling to ameliorate pathological angiogenesis in eye diseases.

TL;DR: This work intends to review the relevant knowledge susceptible to improve the conservative management of retinoblastoma in compliance with the "state of metastatic grace", with particular attention to reviewing how new imaging modalities impact the frontiers of conservative management.

TL;DR: The history and current state of photoreceptor transplantation, the techniques used to assess rescue of visual function, the prerequisites for effective transplantation as well as the main roadblocks, including safety and immune response to the graft, that need to be overcome for successful clinical translation of photorean transplantation approaches are discussed.

TL;DR: How studying the biological activity of the vitreous in different in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental models can provide insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is discussed.

TL;DR: A comprehensive summary of the tools and knowledge required to perform a metabolomics study, and essential statistical methods for rigorous study design and data analysis are highlighted.

TL;DR: The advances that have been made toward generation and characterization of transplantable photoreceptors from PSCs are outlined and the current status of PSC-based preclinical studies for photoreceptor replacement conducted in animal models are summarized.

TL;DR: The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on choroidal metastases, with emphasis on the most recent findings in epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment.

TL;DR: The mechanisms of immune privilege that have been elucidated from animal models of ocular inflammation, especially those involving corneal transplantation, are described and an update on molecular, cellular, and neural interactions in local and systemic immune regulation is provided.

TL;DR: There is significant and necessary spatial and temporal heterogeneity and active regulation of retinal blood flow in the retina, particularly in the macular region, and how such a delicate balance of metabolic supply and consumption is achieved is considered.

TL;DR: Citicoline is a naturally occurring compound and FDA approved dietary supplement that is recently demonstrated to be effective in ameliorating ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer’s disease, cerebrovascular diseases, memory disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in both humans and animal models.

TL;DR: The current knowledge on ocular surface mucin biology, including functions, synthesis, and secretion as well as the available diagnostic tools and treatment options to improve mucin-associated homeostasis are comprehensively revisited.

TL;DR: This review article summarizes the current approaches that have been developed in the area of gene therapy for ocular disease and discusses the challenges and opportunities facing gene therapy, as well as its prospects.

TL;DR: This review will describe the current understanding of the distribution, phenotype and physiological role of ocular immune cells behind or inside the blood-retinal barriers and those in closely juxtaposed tissues outside the barrier.

TL;DR: The axonal signaling that occurs after injury and the molecular signaling programs currently known to be important for somal and axonal degeneration after glaucoma-relevant axonal injuries are reviewed.

TL;DR: This review critically compare and contrast the various animal model and case studies involving ELOVL4 deficiency via either mutation or deletion, and the resulting consequences on neuronal health and function in both the retina and central nervous system.

TL;DR: Evidence supporting various stages of visual loss and recovery in chiasmal compression is reviewed, including conduction block, demyelination, ischemic insult, and retrograde and anterograde degeneration.

TL;DR: It is suggested that host immune mediators are important components of the response to infections in the posterior segment of the eye, and the timing and level of their production may be related to the severity of the damage and the ultimate visual outcome.

TL;DR: This review assesses the advantages and limitations of different measurement techniques and consequent variations in elastic moduli that have been found and the changes in mechanical properties of the lens associated with ageing and pathology and future implications for implant design are discussed.

TL;DR: A need remains to develop functional human tissue models to predict ocular damage and pain using in vitro-based systems to increase throughput and minimize animal use and concentrate on tissue engineering approaches to study the human corneal pain response in vitro.

TL;DR: The future of cellular modelling depends on emphasising reproducible production of retinal cell types, demonstrating functional rescue using site‐specific programmable nucleases, and shifting towards unbiased screening using next generation sequencing.

TL;DR: This review addresses issues relating to the survival and axon regeneration of both intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC) and αRGC, and possible ensuing patterns of functional recovery after optic nerve crush, all of which are broadly relevant to recovery from injury in the central nervous system (CNS) as whole.

TL;DR: The status of the most advanced and widely explored iteration of cell encapsulation with an eye is highlighted, yielding the possibility of widespread therapeutic use of this technology for the first time.