Abstract: In this work, results obtained by the WMAP satellite are analyzed by invoking established practices for signal acquisition and processing in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Dynamic range, image reconstruction, signal to noise, resolution, contrast, and reproducibility are specifically discussed. WMAP images do not meet accepted standards in medical imaging research. WMAP images are obtained by attempting to remove a galactic foreground contamination which is 1,000 times more intense than the desired signal. Unlike water suppression in biological NMR, this is accomplished without the ability to affect the signal at the source and without a priori knowledge. Resulting WMAP images have an exceedingly low signal to noise (maximum 1–2) and are heavily governed by data processing. Final WMAP internal linear combination (ILC) images are made from 12 section images. Each of these, in turn, is processed using a separate linear combination of data. The WMAP team extracts cosmological implications from their data, while ignoring that the ILC coefficients do not remain constant from year to year. In contrast to standard practices in medicine, difference images utilized to test reproducibility are presented at substantially reduced resolution. ILC images are not presented for year two and three. Rather, year-1 data is signal averaged in a combined 3-year data set. Proper tests of reproducibility require viewing separate yearly ILC images. Fluctuations in the WMAP images arise from the inability to remove the galactic foreground, and in the significant yearly variations in the foreground itself. Variations in the map outside the galactic plane are significant, preventing any cosmological analysis due to yearly changes. This occurs despite the masking of more than 300 image locations. It will be advanced that any “signal” observed by WMAP is the result of foreground effects, not only from our galaxy, but indeed yearly variations from every galaxy in the Universe. Contrary to published analysis, the argument suggests there are only questionable findings in the anisotropy images, other than those related to image processing, yearly galactic variability, and point sources. Concerns are also raised relative to the validity of assigning brightness temperatures in this setting.

Abstract: The powerful “Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)” signal currently associated with the origins of the Universe is examined from a historical perspective and relative to the experimental context in which it was measured. Results from the COBE satellite are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the systematic error observed in determining the CMB temperature. The nature of the microwave signal emanating from the oceans is also discussed. From this analysis, it is demonstrated that it is improper for the COBE team to model the Earth as a 285 K blackbody source. The assignment of temperatures to objects that fail to meet the requirements set forth in Kirchhoff’s law constitutes a serious overextension of the laws of thermal emission. Using this evidence, and the general rule that powerful signals are associated with proximal sources, the CMB monopole signal is reassigned to the oceans. In turn, through the analysis of COBE, WMAP, and Relikt-1 data, the dipole signal is attributed to motion through a much weaker microwave field present both at the position of the Earth and at the second Lagrange point.

Abstract: The Far-Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer (FIRAS) on the COBE satellite, gives different temperatures of the Cosmic Microwave Background. This deviation has a theoretical explanation in the Doppler effect on the dipole (weak) component of the radiation, the true microwave background of the Universe that moves at 365 km/sec, if the monopole (strong) component of the radiation is due to the Earth. Owing to the Doppler effect, the dipole radiation temperature (determined by the 1st derivative of the monopole) is lower than the monopole radiation temperature, with a value equal to the observed deviation. By this theory, the WMAP and PLANCK satellites, targeting the L2 point in the Sun-Earth-Moon system, should be insensitive to the monopole radiation. In contrast to the launched WMAP satellite, the PLANCK satellite will have on board absolute instruments which will not be able to detect the measured temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background. That the monopole (strong) component of the observed Cosmic Microwave Background is generated by the Earth is given a complete theoretical proof herein. The COBE satellite, launched in 1989, has on board two instruments targeting the temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), namely the Far-Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer (FIRAS) and the Differential Microwave Radiometer (DMR). FIRAS, having just a single channel for a signal, is sensitive to both the strong (monopole) and weak (dipole) components of the Background Radiation, and measures the general temperature in the Background without distinction between the monopole and dipole components of the field. The DMR has another construction: having a few channels for a signal, the DMR recognizes only the difference between the signals in the channels, and so gives just a difference between the temperature of the Background in the different directions. In other words, the DMR is sensitive to only the weak (dipole) component of the field that provides a possibility of direct search for its anisotropy [1]. The WMAP satellite launched in 2001 has on board

Abstract: Analysis of covariant derivatives of vectors in quaternion (Q-) spaces performed using Q-unit spinor-splitting technique and use of SL(2C)-invariance of quaternion multiplication reveals close connexion of Q-geometry objects and Yang-Mills (YM) field principle characteristics. In particular, it is shown that Q-connexion (with quaternion non-metricity) and related curvature of 4 dimensional (4D) space-times with 3D Q-space sections are formally equivalent to respectively YM-field potential and strength, traditionally emerging from the minimal action assumption. Plausible links between YM field equation and Klein-Gordon equation, in particular via its known isomorphism with Duffin-Kemmer equation, are also discussed.

Abstract: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been applied to perform a study of the matrix effect on the plasma characterization of Fe, Mg, Be, Si, Mn, and Cu in aluminum alloy targets. The generated plasma emissions due to focusing of a 100 mj Nd: YAG pulsed laser at 1064 nm at the target surface were detected using a portable Echelle spectrometer with intensified CCD camera. Spectroscopic analysis of plasma evolution of laser produced plasmas has been characterized in terms of their spectra, electron density N e and electron temperature T e assuming the LTE and optically thin plasma conditions. The obtained average values of T e and N e were 7600 K and 3 × 10 17 cm −3 , respectively, for the six elements in the aluminum alloy samples. The electron density increases with the element concentration while the plasma temperature does not has significance change with concentration. For industrial applications, LIBS with the portable Echelle spectrometer could be applied in the on-line production control that following up elemental concentration in metals and pharmaceuticals by only measuring N e .

Abstract: In this work, an introductory exposition of the laws of thermodynamics and radiative heat transfer is presented while exploring the concepts of the ideal solid, the lattice, and the vibrational, translational, and rotational degrees of freedom. Analysis of heat transfer in this manner helps scientists to recognize that the laws of thermal radiation are strictly applicable only to the ideal solid. On the Earth, such a solid is best represented by either graphite or soot. Indeed, certain forms of graphite can approach perfect absorption over a relatively large frequency range. Nonetheless, in dealing with heat, solids will eventually sublime or melt. Similarly, liquids will give way to the gas phase. That thermal conductivity eventually decreases in the solid signals an inability to further dissipate heat and the coming breakdown of Planck’s law. Ultimately, this breakdown is reflected in the thermal emission of gases. Interestingly, total gaseous emissivity can decrease with increasing temperature. Consequently, neither solids, liquids, or gases can maintain the behavior predicted by the laws of thermal emission. Since the laws of thermal emission are, in fact, not universal, the extension of these principles to non-solids constitutes a serious overextension of the work of Kirchho , Wien, Stefan and Planck.

Abstract: The absorption and scattering of microwave radiation by the atmosphere of the Earth is considered under a steady state scenario. Using this approach, it is demonstrated that the microwave background could not have a cosmological origin. Scientific observations in the microwave region are explained by considering an oceanic source, combined with both Rayleigh and Mie scattering in the atmosphere in the absence of net absorption. Importantly, at high frequencies, Mie scattering occurs primarily with forward propagation. This helps to explain the lack of high frequency microwave background signals when radio antennae are positioned on the Earth’s surface.

Abstract: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been applied to perform a study of the matrix effect on the plasma characterization of soil sediment targets. The plasma is generated by focusing a pulsed Nd: YAG laser on the target in air at atmospheric pressure. The plasma emission spectrum was detected using a portable Echelle spectrometer (Mechelle 7500 — Multichannel Instruments, Stockholm, Sweden) with intensified CCD camera. Spectroscopic analysis of plasma evolution of laser produced plasmas has been characterized in terms of their spectra, and electron temperature. Four heavy elements V, Pb, Mn and Co were determined in the obtained spectra. The LTE and optically thin plasma conditions were verified for the produced plasma. The electron temperature and density were determined using the emission intensity and stark broadening, respectively, of the spectral lines of the heavy elements in the soil sediments. The electron temperature does not change with concentration. For environmental applications, the obtained results showed the capability of the proposed LIBS setup with the portable Mechelle 7500 spectrometer to be applied in-situ for real-time measurements of the variation of the matrix elemental composition of soil sediments by following up only a single element as a marker for the composition of the soil sediment without need of analysis of the other elements.

Abstract: Preliminary results from an optical-fiber gravitational wave interferometric detector are reported. The detector is very small, cheap and simple to build and operate. It is assembled from readily available opto-electronic components. A parts list is given. The detector can operate in two modes: one in which only instrument noise is detected, and data from a 24 hour period is reported for this mode, and in a 2nd mode in which the gravitational waves are detected as well, and data from a 24 hour period is analysed. Comparison shows that the instrument has a high S/N ratio. The frequency spectrum of the gravitational waves shows a pink noise spectrum, from 0 to 0.1 Hz. Preliminary results from an optical-fiber gravitational wave interferometric detector are reported. The detector is very small, cheap and simple to build and operate, and is shown in Fig. 1. It is assembled from readily available opto-electronic components, and is suitable for amateur and physics undergraduate laboratories. A parts list is given. The detector can operate in two modes: one in which only instrumental noise is detected, and the 2nd in which the gravitational waves are detected as well. Comparison shows that the instrument has a high S/N ratio. The frequency spectrum of the gravitational waves shows a pink noise spectrum, from essentially 0 to 0.1 Hz. The interferometer is 2nd order in and is analogous to a Michelson interferometer. Michelson interferometers in vacuum mode cannot detect the lightspeed anisotropy e ect or the gravitational waves manifesting as light-speed anisotropy fluctuations. The design and operation as well as preliminary data analysis are reported here so that duplicate detectors may be constructed to study correlations over various distances. The source of the gravitational waves is unknown, but a 3D multi-interferometer detector will soon be able to detect directional characteristics of the waves.

Abstract: This review article tries to systematically summarize and review new interdisciplinary science-Network Science,which is just emerging in the end of 20 century,the contents of this survery include berifely development history,basic concepts,classification of network science,theoretical models and their properties,main progresses of some important issues in network science.Main body organization of this article consists of preface,12 chapters and after words,which describe and cover research achievements and advances of network science in recent years.Especially,we summarize our own results and several progresses in this field supported by the key program of National Nature Science foundation of China for our united network reseach group of "One Institute and Two Universities"(China Institute of Atomic Energy,Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Beijing Normal University).Part(II)of this survery includes from Chapter 7 to Chapter-12 and after words.

Abstract: Using a manifold with boundary various line-elements have been proposed as solutions to Einstein’s gravitational field. It is from such line-elements that black holes, expansion of the Universe, and big bang cosmology have been alleged. However, it has been proved that black holes, expansion of the Universe, and big bang cosmology are not consistent with General Relativity. In a previous paper disproving the black hole theory, the writer made an error which, although minor and having no effect on the conclusion that black holes are inconsistent with General Relativity, is corrected herein for the record.

Abstract: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been applied to analysis aluminum alloy targets. The plasma is generated by focusing a 300 mJ pulsed Nd: YAG laser on the target in air at atmospheric pressure. Such plasma emission spectrum was collected using a one-meter length wide band fused-silica optical fiber connected to a portable Echelle spectrometer with intensified CCD camera. Spectroscopic analysis of plasma evolution of laser produced plasmas has been characterized in terms of their spectra, electron density and electron temperature assuming the LTE and optically thin plasma conditions. The LIBS spectrum was optimized for high S/N ratio especially for trace elements. The electron temperature and density were determined using the emission intensity and stark broadening, respectively, of selected aluminum spectral lines. The values of these parameters were found to change with the aluminum alloy matrix, i.e. they could be used as a fingerprint character to distinguish between different aluminum alloy matrices using only one major element (aluminum) without needing to analysis the rest of elements in the matrix. Moreover, It was found that the values of T e and N e decrease with increasing the trace elements concentrations in the aluminum alloy samples. The obtained results indicate that it is possible to improve the exploitation of LIBS in the remote on-line industrial monitoring application, by following up only the values of T e and N e for aluminum in aluminum alloys as a marker for the correct alloying using an optical fiber probe.

Abstract: We apply the new dynamics of 3-space to cosmology by deriving a Hubble expansion solution. This dynamics involves two constants; and — the fine structure constant. This solution gives an excellent parameter-free fit to the recent supernova and gammaray burst redshift data without the need for “dark energy” or “dark matter”. The data and theory together imply an older age for the universe of some 14.7Gyrs. The 3-space dynamics has explained the bore hole anomaly, spiral galaxy flat rotation speeds, the masses of black holes in spherical galaxies, gravitational light bending and lensing, all without invoking “dark matter” or “dark energy”. These developments imply that a new understanding of the universe is now available. There are theoretical claims based on observations of Type Ia supernova (SNe Ia) redshifts [1, 2] that the universe expansion is accelerating. The cause of this acceleration has been attributed to an undetected “dark energy”. Here the dynamical theory of 3-space is applied to Hubble expansion dynamics, with the result that the supernova and gamma-ray burst redshift data is well fitted without an acceleration e ect and without the need to introduce any notion of “dark energy”. So, like “dark matter”, “dark energy” is an unnecessary and spurious notion. These developments imply that a new understanding of the universe is now available. 1.1 Dynamical 3-Space At a deeper level an information-theoretic approach to modelling reality, Process Physics [3, 4], leads to an emergent structured “space” which is 3-dimensional and dynamic, but where the 3-dimensionality is only approximate, in that if we ignore non-trivial topological aspects of the space, then it may be embedded in a 3-dimensional geometrical manifold. Here the space is a real existent discrete fractal network of relationships or connectivities, but the embedding space is purely a mathematical way of characterising the 3-dimensionality of the network. Embedding the network in the embedding space is very arbitrary; we could equally well rotate the embedding or use an embedding that has the network translated or translating. These general requirements then dictate the minimal dynamics for the actual network, at a phenomenological level. To see this we assume at a coarse grained level that the dynamical patterns within the network may be described by a velocity field v r , where r is the location of a small region in the network according to some arbitrary embedding. The 3-space velocity field has been observed in at least 8 experiments [3, 4]. For simplicity we assume here that the global topology of the network is not significant for the local dynamics, and so we embed in an , although a generalisation to an embedding in is straightforward and might be relevant to cosmology. The minimal dynamics is then obtained by writing down the lowest-order zero-rank tensors, of dimension , that are invariant under translation and rotation, giving

Abstract: The conventional representation of the H 2 molecule characterizes a 4-body system due to the independence of the orbitals of the two valence electrons as requested by quantum chemistry, under which conditions no exact solution is possible To overcome this problem, Santilli and Shillady introduced in 1999 a new model of the H 2 -molecule in which the two valence electrons are deeply bounded-correlated into a single quasi-particle they called isoelectronium that is permitted by the covering hadronic chemistry They pointed out that their new H 2 -model is a restricted 3-body system that, as such, is expected to admit an exact solution and suggested independent studies for its identification due to its relevance, eg, for other molecules In 2000, Aringazin and Kucherenko did study the Santilli-Shillady restricted 3-body model of the H 2 molecules, but they presented a variational solution that, as such, is not exact In any case, the latter approach produced significant deviations from experimental data, such as a 196% inter-nuclear distance greater than the experimental value In this paper we present, apparently for the first time, an exact solution of the Santilli-Shillady restricted 3-body model of the Hydrogen molecule along the lines of its originators and show that it does indeed represent correctly all basic data Intriguingly, our solution confirms that the orbital of the isoelectronium (referred to as its charge distribution around the nuclei) must be concentrated in a limited region of space given by the Santilli-Shillady oo-shaped orbits Our exact solution is constructed by following the Ley-Koo solution to the Schr¨ odinger equation for a confined hydrogen molecular ion, H + We show that a confined model to the 3-body molecule reproduces the ground state curve as calculated by Kolos, Szalewics and Monkhorst with a precision up to the 4-th digit and a precision in the representation of the binding energy up to the 5-th digit

Abstract: In this work the mathematical methods of General Relativity are used to answer the following questions: if a microwave background originates from the Earth, what would be its density and associated dipole measured at the altitude of a U2 aeroplane (25 km), the COBE satellite (900 km), and the 2nd Lagrange point (1.5 million km, the position of the WMAP and PLANCK satellites)? The first problem is solved via Einstein’s equations for the electromagnetic field of the Earth. The second problem is solved using the geodesic equations for light-like particles (photons) which are mediators for electromagnetic radiation. We have determined that a microwave background that originates at the Earth (the Earth microwave background) decreases with altitude so that the density of the energy of such a background at the altitude of the COBE orbit (900 km) is 0.68 times less than that at the altitude of a U2 aeroplane. The density of the energy of the background at the L2 point is only 10 7 of the value detected by a U2 aeroplane or at the COBE orbit. The dipole anisotropy of the Earth microwave background, due to the rapid motion of the Earth relative to the source of another field which isn’t connected to the Earth but is located in depths of the cosmos, doesn’t depend on altitute from the surface of the Earth. Such a dipole will be the same irrespective of the position at which measurements are taken.

Abstract: In addition to his outstanding achievements in physics and activities in policy, C.-F. von Weizsäcker is famous for his talks, given as a member of the Academy Leopoldina. Due to the latter, I could learn quite a lot from his methodological writings. In particular, he is the only modern thinker I’m aware of who has pointed to the difference between Newton’s and Laplace’s notions of state. But this difference is essential for the relationship between classical and quantum physics. Moreover it is the clue to overcoming Gibbs’ paradox within classical statistical mechanics itself.

Abstract: The nucleus of an atom is the central part of the atom, consisting of positively charged protons (Z) and electrically neutral neutrons (N). They interact by means of the strong interaction. If a nucleus of an atom is consider as a particle with a certain number of protons and neutrons it is called a nuclide. A nuclide is that version of an atom defined by its mass number (A=Z+N), its atomic number (Z) and a power condition of its nucleus. Nuclei with identical numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons are isotopes. The majority of isotopes are unstable. They can turn into other isotopes or elements due to radioactive disintegration of the nucleus by one of the following means: β-decay (emission of electron or positron), α-decay (emission of particles consisting of two protons and two neutrons) or spontaneous nuclear fission of an isotope. If the product of disintegration is also unstable, it too breaks up in due course, and so on, until a stable product is formed. It has been shown experimentally that a set of these particles becomes particularly stable when the nuclei contain “magic” number of protons or neutrons. The stable structure can be considered as shells or spherical orbits which are completely filled by the particles of a nucleus, by analogy with the filled electronic shells of the noble gases. The numbers of particles forming such a shell are called “magic” numbers. Nuclei with magic number of neutrons or protons are unusually stable and in nuclei with one proton or other than a magic number, the neutron poorly binds the superfluous particle. The relevant values of these numbers are 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126, for which there exists more stable nuclei than for other numbers. Calculations indicate existence of a nucleus with filled shell at Z = 114 and N= 184 (114) which would be rather stable in relation to spontaneous division. There is experimental data for the connexion of magic numbers to a nucleus with Z= 164 [1, 2]. J. Oganesyan [3] has alluded to a Rutherford-model atom which assumes existence of heavy nuclei with atomic numbers within the limits of Z∼ 170. At the same time there is a point of view holding that superheavy elements (SHEs) cannot have Z> 125 [4]. In October 2006 in was reported that element 118 had been synthesized in Dubna (Russia), with atomic weight 293 [5]. (It is known however, that this weight is understated, owing to technical difficulties associated with the experiments.)

Abstract: The rotational velocity curves for clusters of galaxies cannot be explained by Newtonian gravitation using the baryonic mass nor does MOND succeed in reducing this discrepancy to acceptable differences. The dark matter hypothesis appears to offer a solution; however, non-baryonic dark matter has never been detected. As an alternative approach, quantum celestial mechanics (QCM) predicts that galactic clusters are in quantization states determined solely by the total baryonic mass of the cluster and its total angular momentum. We find excellent agreement with QCM for ten galactic clusters, demonstrating that dark matter is not needed to explain the rotation velocities and providing further support to the hypothesis that all gravitationally bound systems have QCM quantization states. The rotational velocity curves of galaxy clusters [1] are very similar to the rotational velocity curves of individual galaxies, with the rotational velocity value rising rapidly at very small radial distances only to quickly reach an approximately constant velocity for all greater radial distances from about 200 kpc to out beyond 1500 kpc. Newtonian gravitation using only the observed baryonic mass fails to explain the curves both for galaxies and for clusters of galaxies. In clusters, the baryonic mass is predominantly due to the hot intracluster gas that is observed by its free-free X-ray emissions. This gas fraction plus the stellar masses make up the observed baryonic mass of about 10%–15% of the dynamic mass required to explain the rotational velocity curves using Newtonian gravitation, an enormous discrepancy. Three interesting possible explanations for galactic rotation curves have been proposed: (1) the dark matter hypothesis (DM) introduces non-baryonic matter that is insensitive to all interactions except gravitation, but there has been no detection of any possible form of dark matter; (2) a modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) effective at all distance scales when the accelerations are less than 1.2 × 10 −10 m/s 2 , which has been very successful in explaining the rotation and luminosity curves of individual galaxies but has large discrepancies for galaxy clusters [2] in both the cluster core and in the outer regions; (3) quantum celestial mechanics (QCM) derived [3] from the general relativistic HamiltonJacobi equation which dictates that all gravitationally bound systems have quantization states. The QCM states are determined by two physical quantities only — the system’s total baryonic mass and its total angular momentum. QCM agrees with MOND and the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation for individual galaxies. In this paper, we compare the QCM predictions for the baryonic mass for ten galaxy clusters to the detected baryonic masses. Our new result is that the QCM baryonic mass values agree with the measured baryonic values even where DM succeeds and MOND fails. No dark matter is required to explain the observed rotation curves. The baryonic matter in a single QCM quantization state produces the correct rotational velocity for the cluster. 2 Conceptual review of QCM In a series of papers [3, 4, 5], we derived a Schr¨ scalar wave equation from the general relativistic HamiltonJacobi equation via a tranformation that utilizes the total angular momentum of the gravitationally bound system instead of an angular momentum proportional to Planck’s constant. We have shown agreement of its quantization state solutions with the energy states of the planets of the Solar System, of the satellites of the Jovian planets, and of the disk states of galaxies. In a preliminary table-top investigation with a torsion bar system that is now being modified to minimize possible extraneous influences, the QCM predicted quantization states with quantized energy per mass and quantized angular momentum per mass have been detected. The results from the improved apparatus will be reported. According to QCM, the quantization state energies per orbiting particle mass μ are

Abstract: I carried out the “coupled shutters” experiment for the first time in 1979 in Brussels [1, 2]. The precision achieved with that first experiment was not sufficient for accurately determining the Earth’s absolute velocity. Thus with that experiment I could only establish that this velocity was not greater than 3,000 km/sec. The “coupled shutters” experiment is relatively very simple and cheap [1, 2], however no scientist in the world has repeated it. The general opinion expressed in numerous letters to me, in referees’ comments on my papers, and in speeches at various space-time conferences which I attended or organized [3] is that my experiments are very sophisticated and difficult to execute. The unique discussion in the press on the technical aspects of my experiments is made by Chambers [4]. Here I should like to cite the comments of my anonymous Foundations of Physics referee sent to me by the editor, Prof. van der Merwe, on the 23 June 1983:

Abstract: It is alleged by the Standard Cosmological Model that Einstein’s Universe is finite but unbounded. Although this is a longstanding and widespread allegation, it is nonetheless incorrect. It is also alleged by this Model that the Universe is expanding and that it began with a Big Bang. These are also longstanding and widespread claims that are demonstrably false. The FRW models for an expanding, finite, unbounded Universe are inconsistent with General Relativity and are therefore invalid. 1 Historical basis Non-static homogeneous models were first investigated theoretically by Friedmann in 1922. The concept of the Big Bang

Abstract: Because of the pseudo-theorem of Birkhoff, the important problem related to the dynamical gravitational field of a non-stationary spherical mass is ignored by the relativists. A clear formulation of this problem appears in the paper [5], which deals also with the establishment of the appropriate form of the spacetime metric. In the present paper we establish the corresponding equations of gravitation and bring out their solutions.

Abstract: Superconducting quantum bits(qubits),based on the non-linear effect of superconducting Josephson junctions and the semiconductor integrate technique,are promising for quantum computing due to their low dissipation,large design-fabrication freedom,and relatively ease of scaling upIn this paper,we gave a brief review of the basic principles of superconducting qubits and their progressThe qubits design,qubits manipulating,and the decoherence of various kinds of superconducting qubits were discussed

Abstract: Supposing that X=x+ dc , bc−ad c2 = k 6=0, Y = y− ac , we get Y = KX , i.e. rectangular hyperbole formula which center is shifted from coordinates origin to point C (−dc ; a c ). As we can see, formula (1) is a special case of the function (2), cause coefficient d=0. Then, determinant D (ad− bc) degenerates into −bc. There exists a rule: when D 0), real axis together with X axis (abscissa axis) makes an angle +45◦; and if D> 0, then the angle is −45◦. In our case D= a× 0−(−K)× 1=K. Therefore, real axis, on which tops of all new hyperboles will be located, shall be in perpendicular position to the axis y= k x . At that, the center is shifted from the coordinates origin C (0; 0) to the point C (0; 1). That means, in our case, semi-axes

Abstract: According to an idea underlying the classical relativity, a pulsating (or simply expanding or simply contracting) spherical source does not generate an external dynamical (i.e. non-stationary) gravitational field. The relativists believe that this idea is well based on account of the so-called Birkhoff’s theorem, which, contrary to the fundamental principles of general relativity, states that the external gravitational field of a non-stationary spherical mass is necessarily static. However, as shown in several papers [2, 3, 4, 7, 8], Birkhoff’s theorem is, in fact, a vicious circle arising from the introduction of inadmissible implicit transformations which eliminate in advance the boundary conditions defining the radial motion of the sphere bounding the matter, namely the boundary conditions inducing the non-stationary states of the gravitational field. In the present paper we deal with the rigorous mathematical theory of the subject and put forward the corresponding form of the spacetime metric in order to prepare a thorough study of the equations of gravitation related to the dynamical states of the gravitational field.

Abstract: In this paper,firstly,according to the mechanism of light transmission,micro-hole distribution,medium infusing,fiber core number and symmetry,microstructure optical fibers(MOFs)are concretely classified,and the design methods of MOF sensors structure are described.Secondly,the typical MOF sensors and microstructure optical fiber grating(MOFG)sensors including the sensors designed by author home and abroad in the recent years have been detailedly introduced and reviewed.At last,the developments of the novel sensors based on MOF and MOFG are prospected.

Abstract: In this work, we attempt to describe the classical physical fields of gravity, electromagnetism, and the so-called intrinsic spin (chirality) in terms of a set of fully geometrized constitutive equations. In our formalism, we treat the four-dimensional space-time continuum as a deformable medium and the classical fields as intrinsic stress and spin fields generated by infinitesimal displacements and rotations in the space-time continuum itself. In itself, the unifying continuum approach employed herein may suggest a possible unified field theory of the known classical physical fields.

Abstract: Use of satellite shift formula emerging in Quaternion (Q-) model of relativity theory for explanation of Pioneer anomaly [1] is critically discussed. A cinematic scheme more suitable for the case is constructed with the help of Q-model methods. An appropriate formula for apparent deceleration resulting from existence of observerobject relative velocity is derived. Preliminary quantitative assessments made on the base of Pioneer 10/11 data demonstrate closure of the assumed “relativistic deceleration” and observed “Doppler deceleration” values. 1 Introduction. Limits of satellite-shift formula Recently [1] there was an attempt to give an explanation of Pioneer anomaly essentially using formula for relativistic shift of planet’s fast satellites observed from the Earth. This formula was derived within framework of Q-method developed to calculate relativistic effects using SO(1, 2) forminvariant quaternion square root from space-time interval rather than the interval itself [2]; in particular this advantageously permits to describe relativistic motions of any noninertial frames. The last option was used to find mentioned formula that describes cinematic situation comprising three Solar System objects: the Earth (with observer on it), a planet, and its satellite revolving with comparatively large angular velocity. Due to existence of Earth-planet relative velocity, not great though and variable but permanent, the cycle frequency of satellite rotation (observed from the Earth) is apparently less that in realty, i.e. the “planet’s clock” is slowing down, and calculation shows that the gap is growing linearly with time. Visually it looks that the satellite position on its orbit is apparently behind an expected place. For very fast satellites (like Jupiter’s Metis and Adrastea) and for sufficiently long period of time the effect can probably be experimentally detected. Same effect exists of course for Mars’s satellites and it is computed that monthly apparent shift on its orbit of e.g. Phobos is about 50 meters (that is by the way can be important and taken into account when planning expedition of spacecraft closely approaching the moon).

Abstract: Spin-dependent conductance of ballistic mesoscopic interferometer is investigated. The quantum interferometer is in the form of ring, in which a quantum dot is embedded in one arm. This quantum dot is connected to one lead via tunnel barrier. Both AharonovCasher and Aharonov-Bohm e ects are studied. Our results confirm the interplay of spin-orbit coupling and quantum interference e ects in such confined quantum systems. This investigation is valuable for spintronics application, for example, quantum information processing.