Abstract: The spatial fuel distribution of the stratified charge of a high pressure 6-hole injector was examined in a single cylinder optical direct injection spark ignition(DISI) engine. The effects of in-cylinder charge motion, and fuel injection pressure, and coolant temperature were investigated using a planar LIF(Laser Induced Fluorescence) technique. It was confirmed that the in-cylinder tumble flow played more effective role in the spatial fuel distribution of the stratified charge than the swirl flow during the compression stroke and the fuel distribution area increased due to the activation of the fuel vaporization by the increase of the coolant temperature. But, the increase of the fuel supplying pressure could not change the pattern of the fuel vapor distribution against the expectation.

Abstract: This study is conducted to provide the proper analysis method to evaluate the stability of a container crane under wind load. Two analysis method, namely structure analysis and fluid-structure interaction, are adopted to evaluate the stability of a container crane in this investigation. To evaluate the effect of wind load on the stability of the crane, 50-ton class container crane widely used in container terminals is adopted for analysis model and 19-values are considered for wind direction as design parameter. We conduct structure analysis and fluid-structure interaction for a container crane with respect to the wind direction using ANSYS and CFX. Then we compare the uplift forces yielded from two analysis with it yielded from wind tunnel test. The results are as follows: 1) A correlation coefficient between structure analysis and wind tunnel test is lower than 0.65(as ), but between fluid-structure interaction and wind tunnel test is higher than 0.65(as ). 2) There is low correlation between structure analysis and wind tunnel test but very high correlation between fluid-structure interaction and wind tunnel test.

Abstract: 가스-액체 이젝터에 관한 수치해석은 3차원 CFD 모델로 수행하였다. 본 논문에서는 이젝터의 유동특성과 질량전달특성에 대한 작동조건과 이젝터의 기하학적 모형의 영향에 관한 연구를 수행하고자 한다. CFD 결과 실험 데이터에 의하여 검증되었으며, 유동 분석과 이젝터 성능의 예측 또한 실행되었다. 작동상태의 변화는 0.2～1.2 범위에서 가스-액체 유량비를 변화시킴으로서 주어진다. 혼합관의 L M /D M 이 4～10의 범위에서 변화를 주었다. CFD 연구는 길이와 직경비가 5.5일 때 체적 유량전달계수는 가스 유량이 증가함에 따라 증가한다는 것을 나타낸다. 동시에 L M /D M 가 4일 때 체적유량전달계수는 기체-액체 유량비가 0.6에서 최대치에 도달한다. 또한, 체적 유량전달계수는 혼합 튜브길이가 증가함에 따라 감소한다.

Abstract: We measured emission characteristics of CRDI diesel engine equipped with a commercial CPF. Experimental parameters adopted a neat diesel fuel, a blend of diesel fuel with 20% biodiesel, a blend of diesel fuel with 15% biodiesel and 5% ethanol. The experiments were carried out to measure the emission and engine performance according to ESC 13-mode cycles. The maximum torque with biodiesel blend fuel is slightly lower than that of neat diesel fuel in the entire the 13-mode cycles, and 5% ethanol and 15% biodiesel blend fuel is slightly higher than that of neat diesel fuel. THC and CO emissions of the biofuel blended diesel fuel were slightly increased and decreased, and mean conversion efficiencies of THC and CO on the commercial CPF were achieved about 7087% in the ESC 13-mode. From the measurement by the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer(SMPS), the total number and mass of nano-sized particles by a commercial CPF were decreased about 97.8% and 96.8 % in the range of the nano-size from 10.6 to 385nm, respectively.

Abstract: The theory and technical key of reducing NOx emission with combined air-staged combustion,having a best applied effect,was described.A numerical simulation on the combustion process with technology of combined air-staged using one-stage separated over fire air and two-stage separated over fire air for a 600MW supercritical boiler was conducted by CFD software.The results indicate that the simulated value was consistent with the test data.Comparing with the combined air-staged combustion using one-stage SOFA,the NOx emission of that using two-stage SOFA is lower,the surface heat flux is more uniform,unburned carbon in fly ash and gas temperature of panel bottom is higher due to the delay of combustion.The depression of boiler efficiency and overheating when using two-stage SOFA can be avoided by regulating the ratio of SOFA and angle of burner.The technology of combined air-staged combustion using two-stage SOFA has a better application prospect.

Abstract: The pretreatment of straw is the important precondition and composing part of the large-scale utilization of biomass.With the increasing of the large-scale utilization of biomass,the study of the pretreatment of biomass stalks becomes more important.Divided by the key technique used by pretreatment,it consists of two main technologies:molding by solidification and baling by compressed.The introduction and cost analysis of working procedures are carried out.To offer references for the choose of pretreatment,the economic analysis and compare of the two technology have been carried out on the basis of analysis above,and some viewpoints and advices are brought out.

Abstract: The gas and air resistance calculation is an important part of boiler design The universal model of the gas and air resistance calculation summarizes the calculation method is presented, the software framework is built up by Object-Oriented and the integration technology with the thermal calculation system is studied The gas resistance calculation system, calculation methods and software system are improved to be correct and universal by practice, and it is applicable to all kinds of boilers with excellent currency

Abstract: EPS(Electric Power Steering) system, which has replaced the hydraulic steering system(HPS or HPAS) in many passenger cars recently, have many merits such as low energy consumption, easy mounting, light weight and improvement of environmental pollution. However, EPS system has the problem of motor noise when motor is rotated, which can make a driver feel uncomfortable. There are many techniques to solve those problems, but they are not clear. It is necessary to evaluate the mechanical noise in steering systems, because an EPS has vibration sources such as at the motor gear reducer, manual gears and intermediate joints. In this paper, reduction technique of EPS motor noise is introduced.

Abstract: Corrosion experiments with 12Cr1MoVG were carried out by simulating the atmosphere of superheaters in biomass boilers. Corrosion dynamic curves were plotted by mass gain. The metal test elements were analyzed after the experiments by SEM-EDX and XRD to detect the appearance, the elements contents and the composition of corrosion products. The results show that 12Cr1MoVG is very sensitive to the existence of HCl and the anti-corrosion performance decreases with temperature and concentration of HCl.

Abstract: A motor cylinder apparatus is used to transfer a load in industrial applications. The apparatus is composed of a motor and power transmission elements such as worm gear and screw. In this case, the nonlinear friction of the transmission elements has a bad influence on the position control performance. To overcome this problem, the position control system consists of a feedback controller to achieve nominal control performance and a disturbance observer to compensate nonlinear friction. Especially the filter of a disturbance observer is designed from viewpoint of robust stability. Finally, the simulation result shows that the proposed control system is effective for the disturbance elimination as well as the friction compensation.

Abstract: The accurate measurement of oxygen content in flue gas of coal-fired power plant has significant meaning for the realization of combustion system’s closed-loop control and optimization running The measuring methods of oxygen content in flue gases are analyzed; the conventional oxygen content analyzers have several problems The general theories and the methods of soft-sensing modeling technique are presented, the software measuring methods of oxygen content in flue gas are discussed, these modeling methods include mechanism analysis, statistical regression analysis, neural network, support vector machine, etc Because each measuring method has its disadvantages, the mixed measuring method, which includes the last two measuring methods, has been used in measurement of oxygen content, it also is the development tendency of measurement of oxygen content

Abstract: A few intake stations have vibration problems caused by pipes. The vibration transffered from pipes excites building severely. Therefore, the crack is generated on building wall and people who work at intake station are damaged. In this paper, the vibration is measured and analysis is carried out for pipes at intake station in order to identify the usefulness and effectiveness of the solution proposed for pipe resonance avoidance. According to the result of analysis, the vibration of pipes is reduced by bellows.

Abstract: Biomass is one kind of important fuel for NOx reduction by reburning.The mechanism of nitric oxide reduction by biomass reburning was discussed.The main products of biomass rapid pyrolysis are CO2,CH4,C2H2,C2H4,C2H6,C3H6,C3H8,char and tar.While the Nitrogen in the biomass converses to NH3 and HCN during rapid pyrolysis,which both are important in reducing NOx.NOx reduction by biomass reburning is achieved mainly by the reaction between hydrocarbon and NOx,where HCCO+ NOx and CHi(especially CH3) + NOx reactions are most important.The CHi+ NOx reaction is the dominant reaction when using methane as reburning fuel,while the HCCO+ NOx contributes significantly to remove NOx when C2 hydrocarbons are used as reburning fuels.CO,H2,tar and alkali metal have potential to promote NOx reduction.

Abstract: It expects demand of ships which equipped with JIB crane growth to continue. However, demand of JIB crane is increased, domestic shipment company imitated the design of Europe and Japan. And we need to develop the functional system of the JIB crane and modernize it. We need to find the optimum luffing angle for saving energy when JIB crane works. This study analyzed buckling load of JIB and reaction force of support point and stress of JIB according to the luffing angle through finite element analysis when JIB crane loads 40 ton weight. And this study considered the safety factor 1.8 of material. Every design condition was KS A1627 standard. This study used ANSYS 10.0.

Abstract: Deriving from the theory model of particulate charging and the characters of pulverized coal, the charge formula of pulverized coal’s particles in the mechanism of electrical charge is obtained. According to the formula, the major effect factors and the charge rules are gained. Apparatus for charging and measuring of electric charging was designed for the pattern of line–cylinder. Its principle is to charge pulverized coal by positive corona discharge, and measuring the pulverized coal quantity of electricity is by Faraday cup. The quantity of electricity (Anthracite’s and high sulfur bituminous coal’s particles) is measured for different pole positive voltage and means sieving particle size. The result proved that the charge measuring apparatus was suitable for pulverized coal charge by compared with the theoretical result. Further more, the static electric interference to the Faraday cup is also effectively eliminated by covering the cup with a grounded metal mesh.

Abstract: The automotive industry faces many competitive challenges including weight and cost reduction to meet need for higher fuel economy. It is a trend that a lot of parts have been currently changed to an aluminum alloy from steel materials. It is required more precise analysis for practical load because of complexities and varieties of vehicle structure. In this study, the shape optimization using a FEA is performed to determine the design of the knuckle. The size optimization is carried out to find thickness while the stiffness constraints are satisfied. A commercial optimization software MSC/NASTRAN is utilized for the structural analysis and the optimization processes.

Abstract: System for steam turbine(ST) vibration monitoring and fault diagnosis involves the problem that vibration data is stored and managed inevitable.Database system for steam turbine vibration monitoring and fault diagnosis is developed with LabVIEW for workbench,Access 2003 as systemic database.The main function of it is to import data,manage database,post disturbance review.Not only can it give full play to virtual instrument,but also utilize the superiority of database.So the level of steam turbine vibration monitoring and fault diagnosis is promoted,and it is easy to be in line with international standards.

Abstract: This paper investigated the new calibration algorithm of a straight-type five-hole pressure probe necessary for calculating three-dimensional flow velocity components. The new data reduction method Includes a look-up, a geometry transformation such as the translation and reflection of nodes, and a binary search algorithm. This new calibration map was applied up to the application angle, of a probe. As a result, this data reduction method showed a perfect performance without any kind of interpolation errors In calculating yaw and pitch angle from the calibration map.

Abstract: The improvement of cooling ability for the air conditioner is the most efficient method of application of its system. Therefore, this study has been investigated the improvement of cooling ability for the air conditioner using automotive by attached of a thermoelectric module. According to the result of test, capacity of the thermoelectric module make temperature range from to possible to cooling and exothermic. In addtion to, the reduction effect of energy revealed and the effect of liquid hammer remained with safety by attached the thermoelectric module. It was found that the air conditioner system by attached thermoelectric module have better cooling ability than the air conditioner system of existing vehicle.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to compare the quality of digital radiography image with that of classical film images for welded structure in power plants. The CMOS(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) flat panel detecter and Agfa D5 film are used to image flaw specimens respectively. In the test, CMOS flat panel detector has been determined to have a better image than that of film image. In the IQI(Image Quality Indicator) transmission test, one or two more line can be seen in digital image than in film image. Digital Radiography Test enabled to successfully detect all defects on the weld specimens fabricated with real reheat stem pipe and boiler tube as well. In the specific comparison test, Digital radiography test detected micro flaws in the size of 0.5 mm in length by 0.5 mm in depth. However, film test has limited it to 1.0 mm in length by 1.0 mm in depth. As a result of this study, digital radiography technology is estimated well enough to perform the inspection in the industry with far more cost effective way, compared to the classical film test.

Abstract: The thermal system of HRSGs is introduced for a 700MW-class combined gas-steam cycle unit with multi-shaft arrangement in present paper. Determined by the performances and running conditions of gas turbine, the dynamic characteristics of HRSG are described by providing the relationship curves between gas turbine load and several crucial parameters such as flue gas temperatures, feedwater flow rate and attemperating water flow rate. To keep HRSG running safely and effectively, the measures and points are discussed in detail to prevent the over-temperature of steams and corrosion at low temperature. The present experiences could be helpful and referenced by running and further improvement of the similar unit.

Abstract: A method to test thin-walled tubes by guided ultrasonic wave is reported. The principle is that applicate two types of axially symmetric ultrasonic tube modes and "longitudinal" modes with particle displacement, which is coupled in axial and radial directions for transverse failures and torsional modes, oscillating in the circumferential direction only, for longitudinal failures. Both types of modes propagate along the tube in the axial direction. Therefore, a pulse-echo technique is possible. The pulses are excited and received at one end of the tube without contact electro-dynamic transducers. As soon as the tubes is put into a transducer coil at one end, the test of the whole tube can be accomplished in a few milliseconds. It is not necessary to rotate and transport the tubes during the test.

Abstract: The last stage blade of the low pressure steam turbine remarkably affects turbine plant performance and availability. Turbine manufacturers are continuously developing the low pressure last stage blades using the latest technology in order to achieve higher reliability and improved efficiency. They tend to lengthen the last stage blade and apply shrouds at the blades to enhance turbine efficiency. The long blades increase the blade tip circumferential speed and water droplet erosion at shroud is anticipated. Parts of integral shrouds of the last stage 40 inch blades were cracked and liberated recently in a combined cycle power plant. In order to analyze the root cause of the last stage blades shroud cracks, we investigated operational history, heat balance diagram, damaged blades shape, fractured surface of damaged blades, microstructure examination and design data, etc. Root causes were analyzed as the improper material and design of the blade. Notches induced by erosion and blade shroud were failed eventually by high cycle fatigue. This paper describes the root cause analysis and countermeasures for the steam turbine last stage blade shroud cracks of the combined cycle power plant.

Abstract: CHEMKIN code and an elementary reaction kinetics model have been used to simulate the selective non-catalytic reduction process of NO with NH3.The impact of different reaction condition(such as temperature,NH3/NO ratio,the residence time,the O2 concentration,and initial NO concentration,etc.) was investigated.The research conduces to understanding the chemical process and provides theory foundation for parameter optimization of SNCR process in industry application.

Abstract: This paper deals with the free vibrations of conical shells with linearly variable thickness by the transfer influence coefficient method. The classical thin shell theory based upon the Flugge theory is assumed and the governing equations of a conical shell are written as a coupled set of first order matrix differential equations using the transfer matrix. The Runge-Kutta-Gill integration method is used to solve the governing differential equation. The natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes are calculated numerically for the conical shells with linearly variable thickness and various boundary conditions at the edges. The present method is applied to conical shells with linearly varying thickness, and the effects of the semi-vertex angle, the number of circumferential waves and thickness ratio on vibration are studied.

Abstract: The improvement of cooling ability for the air conditioner is the most efficient method of application of its system. Therefore, this study has been investigated the improvement of cooling ability for the air conditioner using automotive by attached of a thermoelectric module. According to the result of test, capacity of the thermoelectric module make temperature range from _75℃ to + 300℃ possible to cooling and exothermic. In addtion to, the reduction effect of energy revealed and the effect of liquid hammer remained with safety by attached the thermoelectric module. It was found that the air conditioner system by attached thermoelectric module have better cooling ability than the air conditioner system of existing vehicle.

Abstract: The primary objective of this study is to truly understand reaction force be due to engine exciting force. Exciting forces of the engine apply a source of the vehicle NVH(Noise, Vibration, Harshness). To understand reaction force was applied MSC.Nastran software. Analyzed frequency response analysis of powertrain mount system. First, engine exciting force was applied field function. Also nonlinear characteristics was applied field function : such as dynamic spring constant and loss factor. And nonlinear characteristics was applied CBUSH. Generally characteristics of rubber mount is constant frequency. But characteristics of hydraulic mount depend to frequency. Therefore nonlinear characteristics was applied. Powertrain mounting system be influenced by powertrain specification, mount position, mount angle and mount characteristics etc. In this study, we was analyzed effects of powertrain mounting system. And we was varied dynamics spring constant and loss factor of mounts.

Abstract: The combustion purpose of diesel engine is to reduce the emission of green gas and to produce high output. Generally, the regulation matter of emission gas is largely diveded by 'THC', 'NOx', 'CO' and 'PM'. Among those matters, the most problem is to disgorge into 'PM', the character of diesel combustion. Diesel PM can be controlled using Diesel Particulate Filter, which can effectively reduce the level of soot emissions to ambient background levels. NO₂ generated by the DOC is used to combust the carbon collected in the DPF at low temperature. To certificate DPF device that is suitable to domestic circumstances, it is necessary to exactly evaluate the DPF devices according to the regulation of DPF certificate test procedure for retrofit. To do cany out the above-mentioned description the understanding of that regulation like the standard of PM reduction is needed. In this study the test procedure including test cycle and BPT test condition was examined, and also the test result for specific DPF was analyzed. In every test like field test, PM reduction efficiency test and Seoul-10 mode test, no defect was showed.

Abstract: On the basis of introduction to the principle of SCR de-NOx catalysts,the technical characteristics of three typical kinds of SCR de-NOx catalysts are described,some factors that influence the functions of the SCR catalysts are analyzed.Finally some suggestions about the developing direction and the indigenization of SCR de-NOx catalysts are put forward.