Abstract: The ignition properties of seven kinds of coals are investigated by using thermogravimetry. From the TG-DTG curves, the ignition points of coals can be gained conveniently, which can qualitatively evaluate the difficulty of combustion of coals. The relations between the ignition properties and the volatile fraction, the ignition properties and active energy, the ignition properties and defined parameter ‘R’are analyzed. Compared with the results in the laboratory scale fluidized bed, the tendencies of the experimental results are uniform and even identical when the heating rate in TGA increases to an appropriate value. Therefore, experimental results in TGA can be considered as the reference in designing and operating of station boilers and other combustion devices.

Abstract: Effects of chlorine, combustion temperature and moisture ratio on the heavy metal distribution are studied with sludge, which is from Shenzhen Municipal Sewage Plant, incinerated in a lab-scale fluidized bed incinerator. The experimental results indicate that percentage of volatile heavy metals in flue gas increase greatly with the increase of temperature, and the increase of moisture ratio of the sludge leads to less percentage of heavy metals Zn and Pb in flue gas. The addition of chlorine also promotes the volatilization of heavy metals, especially for volatile metals.

Abstract: Woven fabrics composites are used as primary structural components in many applications because of their superior properties that offer high specific strength and stiffness. However, the complexity of the fabric structure makes understanding of their failure behavior very difficult. Also, laminate woven fabrics CFRP have unique failure mechanisms such as fiber bridging, fiber/matrix crack and so on. In particular, the delamination phenomenon of the composite materials is one of the most frequent failure mechanisms. So, we estimated interlaminar fracture and damage in composites using as ENF specimen by a 3 point bending test. And AE characteristics were examined for crack propagation on plain woven CFRP. We obtained the following conclusions from the results of the evaluation of the 3 point bending fracture test and AE characteristic estimation. AE counts of maximum crack length were obtained as and 0.6, respectively. Also the maximum amplitudes were over 80dB at both . at that's ratio were obtained with .

Abstract: Experiments are performed to study the mixed convection flow and heat transfer in an inclined parallel plates with the upper part cooled and the lower part heated uniformly. The Reynolds number ranges from , the angle of inclination, , from 0 to 45 degree from the horizontal line, and Pr of the high viscosity fluid is 909. In this paper, the PIV(Particle image velocimetry) with TLC(Thermo-sensitive liquid crystal) tracers is used for visualizing and analysis. This method allows simultaneous measurement of velocity and temperature field at a given instant of time. Quantitative data of the temperature and velocity are obtained by applying the color-image processing to a visualized image, and neural network is applied to the color-to-temperature calibration. This paper describes the methods, and presents the quantitative visualization of mixed convection. From this study, it is found that the flow pattern can be classified into three patterns which are affected by Reynolds number and the angle of inclination.

Abstract: This paper deals with the free vibrations of truncated conical shell with uniform thickness by the transfer influence coefficient method. The classical thin shell theory based upon the theory is assumed and the governing equations of a conical shell are written as a coupled set of first order differential equations using the transfer matrix. The Runge-Kutta-Gill integration and bisection method are used to solve the governing differential equations and to compute the eigenvalues respectively. The natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes are calculated numerically for the truncated conical shell with any combination of boundary conditions at the edges. And all boundary conditions and the intermediate supports between conical shell and foundation could be treated only by adequately varying the values of the spring constants. Numerical results are compared with existing exact and numerical solutions of other methods.

Abstract: 주파수 영역 민감도 해석법은 동적 시스템의 전달함수에 대한 설계 파라미터의 변화에 의한 효과를 파악하기 위해 사용되어 왔으며, 이때의 민감도 함수는 시스템 설계 파라미터에 대한 시스템 전달 함수의 편미분 값이다. 일반적으로 종래의 주파수 영역 민감도 해석은 직접 미분법이나 라플라스 변환이 사용되어 왔다. 라플라스 변환을 사용하는 경우에 시스템의 차수가 증가할수록 역행렬 조작은 매우 많은 시간을 필요로 하며 또한 어려운 작업이다. 본논문에서는 이러한 다점을 보완하기 위하여 푸리에 변환을 이용한 민감도 기법을 제시하였다. 파라미터의 변화에 대한 진폭-주파수 특성의 민감도 해석을 간단한 2자유도 모델과 로터 다이나믹 시스템에 적용하였다.

Abstract: Because of the complex compositions with high contents of sulfur and calcium, the dry and semi-dry desulfurization residues are all along hard to be utilized. A completely new utilization method for the desulfurization residues is put forward to produce sulfoaluminate cement. In this way, the disadvantage minerals in the desulfurization residues, such as free CaO, CaCO3, Ca(OH)2 as well as sulfur-containing minerals like CaSO3 and CaSO4, can all be completely utilized and transformed into minerals of sulfoaluminate cement clinker, such as calcium sulfoaluminate. In addition, the unburned carbon in the ashes can also be made good use of. Therefore, this new utilization method, which can exert maximum value of the defulforization residues, is a high efficiency way.

Abstract: The comprehensive automation network architecture based on the fieldbus technology in thermal power plant is discussed, and the functions and the roles of each part are elaborated. According to the function of automation control in thermal power plant, it is divided into DAS and automation control system, and the later is divided into analogue control and logic control based on signal. The application of fieldbus technology in thermal power plant not only can completely realize those functions, but also has its own technological advantages, and the excellence and mature control thought of DCS and the advanced technological of FCS should be combined to realize the unification of concentration and decentralization in the automation control in thermal power plant. At last that FCS will become the necessary tendency of control technology development in thermal power plant is believed.

Abstract: The reactivity of limestone is an important parameter in the full-scale limestone/gypsum wet flue gas desulphurization. The study on the reactivity of limestone is significant both on limestone choosing in the design of WFGD and on optimizing the operation parameters. Based on the review of the international development of study on the reactivity of limestone, plan of the study on reactivity of limestone combining with the situation of China was proposed.

Abstract: Universal oil purification machines in power plant system are introduced. Different oil contamination and applications is analyzes, and equipment principle and methods of kinds of oil purification machines in power plant system are put forward.

Abstract: Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) combustion technology has advantages in economically controlling SO2 and NOx emissions for power generation. However, it is found that NOX emission increased up to 20%~30% when limestone is added into the combustor for desulphurization, especially with rather high Ca/S ratio. The phenomenon of NOx augment was discussed based on associated chemical kinetics. The catalytic oxidization effect, preferential conversion effect between HCN and NH3, and reducing effect were analyzed. It is found that CaO decomposed CaCO3 favors the conversion reactions of NH3 from coal volatile to NO, as well as unstable N2O to rather stable NO.

Abstract: In evaluation of electronic reliability on the PCB(Print Circuit Borad),electrochemical migration is one of main test objects. The phenomenon of electrochemical migration occurs in the environment of the hight humidity and the hight temperature under bias through a continuous aqueous electrolyte. In this paper, the generating mechanism of electrochemical migration is investigated by using water drop acceleration test under various waters. The waters used in the water drop test are city water, distilled water and ionic water. It found that the generated velocity of electrochemical migration depended on electrolyte quantity which included in the various waters.

Abstract: A great deal of exhaust gas inside a combustion room goes out through exhaust pipe but residual gas, is called "Blowby gas", enters the crankcase through a small gap between the piston and the cylinder wall. Here, if the crankcase isn't vented, this causes many bad effects such as lubricant oil contamination, corrosion by that and crankcase explosion by rising pressure. So, most automobiles are constituted with a PCV (Positive Crankcase Ventilation) system to prevent previous problems. PCV valve is the most important part in this ventilation system. When companies are manufacturing new engines, engineers are designing it depending on their experiments than theoretical knowledge. Mush efforts and times are needed for new development. This study will show quantitative results to increase the possibilities of reduction of developing time.

Abstract: In order to analyze the problems of high temperature corrosion in the water-cooled wall of the boiler,the high temperature corrosion experiments of water-cooled wall tube material 20g of boiler have been made using the test bed— high temperature gas furnace.Through dealing and analyzing the data by means of the thermal analysis kinetics,the activation energy E and pre-exponential gene A are got at the atmosphere of different density SO2 on the temperature of 390～510℃.The corrosion's appearance is analyzed and element form is made by SEM with energy analyzer.The conclusion can be got that with the temperature and SO2 density addition,the affect of high temperature corrosion is increased,particularly to the structure of the oxidation film and the velocity of corrosion.The average corrosion velocity in the procession of corrosion is got about 20g.

Abstract: N2O is one of the major pollutants emitted from a coal-fired circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler and its formation is significantly influenced by the addition of limestone, which is used for desulphurization. During the desulphurization, due to the catalytic effect on N2O destruction played by CaO, which is decomposed from the limestone, HCN is converted into NH3, preventing the formation of N2O. In the same time, the product CaS formed in desulphurization reduces N2O directly in the flue gas. Furthermore, the bed material formed in desulphurization has a catalytic effect on N2O reduction as well when NH3 is injected for NOx reduction, resulting in 2/3 reduction of total N2O emission. Therefore, limestone can be used for simultaneous reduction of SO2 and N2O in a CFB boiler.

Abstract: Based on the process simulation and the analysis method of thermal power system, the tube wall metal temperature online monitoring system of high temperature heating surface was successfully developed. The structure of system including net communication software, database, and integrated modular modeling system and web page display software are introduced. Programs are designed in the support of integrated modular modeling system and the algorithm database, taking advantage of MIS in power plant to gain the operating data, the tube wall temperature of heating surface is online calculated in models and show the monitoring information in browser/server architecture which is easily extended and high information sharing. It has already developed for 200MW utility boiler of a power plant. An effective device was thus suggested for the implementation of the safe operation.

Abstract: Structural components for aerospace, electronics and automobile industry are the main applications for magnesium alloys due to their lightweight and high specific strength. The adoption of magnesium alloys in sheet forming processes is still limited, due to their low formability at room temperature caused by the hexagonal crystal structure. In this paper, the authors aim to improve the formability of AZ31 magnesium alloy. For this, experiment and finite element analysis on used warm deep drawing process with a local heating and cooling technique were done. Both die and blank holder were heated at various warm temperature while the punch was kept at room temperature by cooling water.

Abstract: The influence of pressure drop in furnace on carbon content in fly ash was investigated in 135 MWe CFB boiler. When the pressure drop in CFB furnace decreases, the combustion efficiency of carbon was improved and the carbon content in fly ash decreases. The reason is that the suspension solid density in dense zone and transition zone becomes lower, so the penetrating ability of secondary air increases and more oxygen can enter into the center zone.

Abstract: The sorts and technical characters of the supercritical strait boiler are introduced. Three start-up systems, with recycle pump, flash tank and drain heater exchanger for start-up are analyzed, and the by-pass system is presented. Besides, it’s stressed that the disposal of the start-up system must be considered through the investment and the running mode of the power station.

Abstract: A cross-flow fan is strongly influenced by the various design factors of a rear-guider and a stabilizer. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of a rear-guider and a stabilizer on the surface pressure of a rear-guider in an indoor room air-conditioner using a cross-flow fan. The design factors considered in this paper are a rear-guider clearance, a stabilizer clearance, and a stabilizer setup angle, respectively. The operating condition of a cross-flow fan was controlled by changing the static pressure and flowrate using a fan tester. All surface pressures of a rear-guider are differently distributed according to the stabilizer setup angle, and show a zero value in the flow coefficient, only of a stabilizer setup angle, . Especially, they show a big negative value in the expansion angle larger than regardless of a rear-guider clearance, a stabilizer clearance, and a stabilizer setup angle. On the other hand, surface pressures for various stabilizer cutoff clearances are better than those for various rear-guider clearances.

Abstract: The effects of density change of ambient gas on mixture formation process have been investigated in high temperature and pressure field. To analyze the mixture formation process of evaporating diesel spray is important for emissions reduction in actual engines. Ambient gas density was selected as experimental parameter. The ambient gas density was changed from with a high pressure injection system(ECD-U2). For visualization of the experiment phenomenon, a CVC(Constant Volume Chamber) was used in this study. The ambient temperature and injection pressure are kept as 700K and 72MPa, respectively. The images of liquid and vapor phase in the evaporating free spray were simultaneously taken by exciplex fluorescence method. As experimental results, with increasing ambient gas density, the tip penetration of the evaporating free spray decreases due to the increase in the drag force from ambient gas.

Abstract: The concentration of NOx emission is tested on several ten coal boilers .The test data expressed the rule that influence NOx emission on furnace form, fire mode, coal rank, running condition of coal boilers.

Abstract: In order to know about the flow characteristics of aerodynamic field of 75t/h boiler after overhaul maintenance, baffle characteristics of two layers secondary air velocity were measured from four corners, the primary and secondary air velocity were adjusted under the different air damper angle Based on the measurement of aerodynamic field, the actual tangential circle diameter and air velocity distributing near wall were obtained The results show that the boiler will be satisfied basically with uniform air distribution in four corners on the condition that air velocity is adjusted uniformly in different jet orifices, the ideal aerodynamic field in boiler will be obtained

Abstract: An introduction present made for MJA coal online analyzer which is base on the PFTNA technology.

Abstract: 디젤분무가 연소실 벽에 충돌할 때의 연료부착특성을 파악하기 위하여 평판에 충돌하는 디젤분무의 부착특성을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 투명 아크릴판을 이용하여 연료액막과 충돌분무를 동시에 촬영하였고, 충돌분무의 성장에 따른 연료액막의 성장도 함께 측정되었다. 부착된 연료는 연료액막 및 부착액적들로 나누어서 측정할 수 있었으며 그 결과 연료액막 주변에 무수한 연료액적이 부착함을 알 수 있었다. 시간에 따른 부착연료비를 예측하기 위하여 몇 가지 가정이 사용되었다. 그 결과 시간경과에 따른 부착연료비를 충돌거리 10㎜, 30㎜, 50㎜에 대하여 예측할 수 있었다.

Abstract: The principle and work process of double-alkalic FGD process were analyzed and the importance of liquid/gas ratio was explained. A formulation for liquid/gas ratio calculation was presented on the basis of substance equilibrium analysis. Some suggestions about how to use this formulation for actual engineering were given also.

Abstract: The aerodynamic performance of an indoor room air-conditioner using a cross-flow fan is strongly influenced by the various design factors of a rear-guider and a stabilizer. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a rear-guider and a stabilizer on the aerodynamic performance in the maximum flowrate range of a cross-flow fan. The design factors considered in this study are a rear-guider clearance, a stabilizer cutoff clearance, and a stabilizer setup angle, respectively. Aerodynamic performances including maximum flowrate and power show the biggest magnitude distribution in the case of , the stabilizer setup angle as well as nearly similar magnitude distribution regardless of the stabilizer cutoff clearances. Moreover, the more a rear-guider clearance increases, the more the magnitude of maximum flowrate and power increases.

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to improve the hysteresis characteristics of a stack type piezoelectric actuator using system identification and tracking control. Recently, several printing methods that are cost less and faster than previous semiconductor processes have been developed for the production of electric paper and RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification). The system proposed in this study prints by spraying the molten metal. And this system consist of a nozzle, heating furnace, operating actuator and an XYZ 3-axis stage. As an operating system, the piezoelectric(PZT) actuator is a very useful tool for position control of the metal printing system. However, the PZT actuator has a hysteresis nonlinearity due to the ferroelectric characteristics of the PZT element. This hysteresis causes problem position control characteristics in the system and deteriorates the performance of the system. In this study, an investigation was conducted to improve the hysteresis characteristics of the PZT actuator that has an output displacement for the input voltage. In order to reduce the hysteresis nonlinearity of the PZT actuator, this proposed a inverse hysteresis model and a mathematic modeling method that can express the geometric relationship between voltage and displacement. In addition, system identification and PID control methods were examined. Also, it was confirmed that the proposed control strategy gives good tracking performance.

Abstract: Cold plasma technology used for the decomposition of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) has many advantages, such as high removal efficiency, none secondary pollutant producing and operating easily So the research of VOCs decomposition with the technology is paid attention in recent years The newest progress in decomposition of VOCs by cold plasma technology is summarized in this article Plasma reactor type, stuffing type, background gas and reaction products are also discussed Mechanism of VOCs decomposition by the technology is described at the same time At last, the development of the technology is brought forward