Power 

Abstract: A national R&D program has been under way to develop materials technology for constructing boilers and turbines capable of operating at advanced ultrasupercritical steam conditions in pulverized coal plants. The large-scale, multiyear, joint government/industry project seeks to increase the efficiency of power plants by increasing their steam conditions up to 1,400F (760C) at 5,000 psi (35 MPa).The ongoing project has already identified the materials and processes for successful operation at these higher steam conditions.

Abstract: Competition among generating facilities, including non-utility generators, and the presence of a utility`s own nuclear power plants, have caused more and more fossil-fired units designed for base-load operation to be converted to some type of cycling operation. Cycling, as used here, refers to operating modes that respond to changes in system load requirements, including load following, low-load cycling, and on/off. The last comprises: (1) hot restart within 24 hours of shutting down - the mode that is least damaging to equipment; (2) warm starts following downtimes of 24 to 120 hours; and (3) cold starts 120 hours or longer after shutdown, the most damaging mode of all. Cycling almost always lead to early component failures and higher costs. Unfortunately, the real costs of cycling - in terms of additional maintenance requirements, equivalent forced outage rates (EFOR), and increases in system production costs - are not well understood. Analyzing these effects and applying the results can save between 10 million dollars and 200 million dollars when evaluated over the life cycle of a typical 600 MW coal-fired power plant in a 4000-MW utility system. 4 figs., 3 tabs.

Abstract: Differents types de systemes d'eau de refroidissement et problemes rencontres (formation de depots et encrassement par les solides en suspension, corrosion, depots et corrosion biologiques). Differents sels generateurs de depots, mesures de prevention, et controle par modificateurs de cristaux. Agents d'encrassement et controle par produits chimiques. Differentes formes de l'encrassement biologique et traitements possibles. Controle de la corrosion. Evaluation des traitements et reutilisation de l'eau

Abstract: Carbon dioxide emissions aren't yet regulated by the EPA, but it is likely they will be soon. There are many technically feasible, but as-yet-undemonstrated ways to reduce the considerable carbon footprint of any coal-fired plant, whether it uses conventional or unconventional technology. One promising approach to removing CO{sub 2} from a plant's flue gas uses chilled ammonium bicarbonate to drive the separation process.