Abstract: Understanding the complete human influence on maritime space has the central position in the planning process. Maritime spatial planning logically connects on integral planning of coastal area. Applying integral management on coastal and maritime area, together with the establishment of the process of maritime spatial planning makes the coupling regarding managing of the resources; all that is directed to the existence of sustainable development. Maritime spatial planning (MSP) is the process of analyzing and separating spatial and temporal divisions of human activities in the maritime area. Croatia, even though it is extremely maritime country, has not yet established complete legal framework for setting up MSP. This paper analyzes European legal framework for implementation of MSP process in Croatia. It provides the overview of the accomplishments achieved until today, as well as achievements of the Republic of Croatia during establishing legal and institutional framework for establishment and implementation of maritime spatial planning. The overview of application of MSP in European practice is specially presented. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the growing needs for maritime space and the manners of amortization of its unorganized use. The goal of this paper is to point on the importance of adopting legal regulations regarding MSP and their practical application. Efficient management and protection of natural resources is specially emphasized, all for the purpose of reducing conflicts in maritime areas.

Abstract: Branch Xa of Pan-European Transport Corridor X has a strategic importance for Croatia since this corridor (Corridor branch) enables linking of Croatia with Slovenia and Austria, which, according to the current data on the structure of trade in goods from countries, is counted among five most important Croatian trading partners. Therefore, the valorization of the branch of Corridor X has unquestionable importance for the Croatian economy and the associated surroundings that gravitate in the transport route. Conditional on the numerous geo-transport and socioeconomic factors, the valorization of transport corridor on the transport market is determined also by the value of transport (traffic) services that are determined by the costs incurred in its production. Accordingly, the underlying problem of the present study is to analyze the external costs of the branch of Corridor X which, although, belong to the category of social costs borne by society, have the intention to become, over various regulatory measures (excise), an integral part of the costs of the conveyor. With the aim of the research in this study, which, generally, supports the need for internalization of the external costs, as the essential factors of valorization of the transport corridors, a comparative analysis of external costs of the branch of Corridor X between the road and rail transport was performed. As input data, the results of in-depth analysis were used, resulting from the studies of the European Commission for the European Union, specifically Studies for Corridor X and Studies on East-Mediterranean transport routes. The research results show that the mean values of external costs of freight rail transport on the branch Xa are almost five times fewer than the average value of external costs of road transport ( 1 / 2 = 4.88) and that, in accordance with the purpose of these investigations, the internalization of external costs is unquestionably required for planning the traffic flows and valorization of the route.

Abstract: Marine pollution from wastewater is a problem especially pronounced on large cruise ships. There is a great disproportion in quality of discharged wastewater directly related to the type of wastewater treatment system installed on cruise ships. To obtain exact empirical data case study was done which included one-year monitoring of cruise ships in the Adriatic Sea, their routes and retention times in defined navigation zones. The aim of this paper is to present data related to the coastal sea area of the Republic of Croatia and display results of marine pollution for that area. The scientific contribution of the research can be recognized in the evaluation of pollution of coastal areas in the Republic of Croatia in different scenarios of wastewater discharge and identification of gray water as a pollutant which is not recognized by the international legal regulations.

Abstract: Management of nautical tourism ports, by having general appropriate characteristics as well as characteristics related to business skills, can encourage development of related ports, which may result in direct and indirect impact on economy of the Republic of Croatia. For the purposes of this research work, there has been done a survey regarding management of eighteen (18) nautical tourism ports. The survey included issues such as general characteristics (gender, age), qualifications, as well as specific features like risk appetite, decision-making, use of scientific methods and similar. The research results indicate that nautical tourism management is not prone to risk which is mostly due to management’s age structure; increasing age decreases the desire for taking risks in decision-making. Management uses some group decision-making techniques, thereby it reflects the trust to lower levels in business while at the same time it increases their creativity and work motivation. Since nautical tourism is still in its nascent, the introduction of new scientific methods in decision-making could improve ports’ business and give them new directions and alternative directions of perceiving business challenges. The research paper also compares done research with previous similar surveys, but not to those that are directly related nautical tourism ports, all in order to identify changes that have occurred in management functioning over the years.

Abstract: Maritime communication systems and devices that are required onboard ships under the SOLAS (Safety Of Life At Sea) Convention are determined by the communication functions of Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS). This system was fully implemented on the 1st February 1999, and since then maritime communications methods have not been significantly changed. As a result, numerous researches and studies were conducted, intended to improve existing communication systems. Furthermore, the exchange of data in maritime communications is of great importance for the purpose of safety of navigation and commercial services. For this reason, the advantages and disadvantages of existing maritime communication systems for data exchange are systematically analyzed in this paper, in order to determine the guidelines for their improvement or replacement by new communication systems. The focus is on the used modulation techniques, as well as the maximum achieved data rates. According to these characteristics the possibility of applying certain communication systems in communications infrastructure of the strategy called “e-Navigation” is determined. In addition, an overview of international recommendations and guidelines for the modernization of maritime communications in the VHF frequency band is elaborated in this paper.

Abstract: The article presents structural changes in liner shipping sector, as many global Container shipping lines are opening their own agencies and many independent shipping agents are consecutively closing down their activities, either via takeovers or by going out of business completely. The process of horizontal and vertical integration in shipping industry is re-shaping the entire logistics industry. Such changes put pressure on shipping agents to redefine their market role and develop services with added quality, and relationships with actual and new principals. They are forced to seek for new ways to make income therefore they are forced to perform additional roles, in order to satisfy carriers on one hand, and usually just a few clients, on the other. A market analysis in Slovenia has been performed among companies offering ship-port services, with focus on comparison between independent agents and Container Line offices. It has been ascertained that independent shipping agents must implement the new strategy which is closer to a forwarder’s mentality and market role.

Abstract: Regarding the organisation of the railway in Croatian ports, the institutional framework on which the railway within the port operates is relatively uncertain with potential conflicts of the national and EU legislation as well as diversities in practical approaches from the governing institutions towards empirical solutions on the field. This paper develops possible models for organisation of the management of rail transport services within the port area in order to research governance mechanism and provide standards of quality of railway operations, which are in accordance with the existing legal framework and on best practice solutions. This models are developed in order to enable several main principles important for port operations and business development such as transparency of the access conditions and service prices, single entry point, services in the rail terminal fully coordinated with the capacity allocation, performance scheme as part of the infrastructure charging system, performance targets in the form of indicators, access to topical reports on the service quality of the service in the port terminal, and implementation of the use-it-or leave-it rule.

Abstract: The Port of Rijeka is an important transport hub of international importance for the Republic of Croatia. With its geostrategic predispositions and increasingly strong appearance in transport sector, the Rijeka gateway is gaining more and more significance. As a key hub between the maritime and inland traffic systems, the Port of Rijeka encompasses a whole range of active and passive participants in process of creating port services. Positive economic effects of the port’s traffic on its regional area are manifested through multiplicative effects arising from participation in port services. By calculating different multiplicative effects, it is possible to get a better insight into commercial-economic interconnection of port services providers within the Rijeka port system. This paper confirms that the revenues generated by the traffic of cargo and passengers achieve 3 to 10 times greater effect on the overall market, and directly or indirectly influence at least 0, 15% to at most 1, 55% of the national GDP.

Abstract: Maritime transport logistics outgrows the competence of classic freight forwarders deleting the boundaries among forwarders, brokers, and carriers and creates a new profession, logistics operator. They are now faced with the need for careful planning and coordination among multiple parties for shifting the freight logistics industry towards more sustainable goals. Significant need for political and operational respect of principles of sustainable development, and also external costs in this context, undertakes logistics operators to review their solutions in accordance with adequate knowledge, skills, and competencies. It is particularly important in forecasting the external costs which are not a central business interest. The above mentioned competencies are described focusing on subjects (issues and knowledges) through whom logistics operators should be trained. Moreover, logistics operators have a greater responsibility towards carriers but also an opportunity to reduce not only the cost of transportation but also the external costs within the logistic supply chain. In this paper calculation of external costs is, practically, shown in the example of towing in the port. The old education programs were compared with the new demands of the market. The substantial difference was evident in the subject of Marine Ecology whose content is becoming the central issue of sustainability of transport modalities. New competencies of logistics operators will become the relevant factor of sustainable development and competitiveness on the freight logistics market. That confirm the analysed current projects about present trends in the transport sector in which the green logistics including external costs become the important and binding element of cargo flow planning.

Abstract: The paper analyses the features of public coastal liner shipping, public transport services in Croatia and the Croatian seaport system. Business processes within the system of public line transport services are analysed – the management process, the fundamental process (transportation) and the support processes. The shortcomings of the existing system are stated, and improvement of the system by using information technology is proposed. The authors present the necessary adaptations of the public coastal liner shipping system with the goal of increasing system functionality, and the development of management tools (and the public coastal liner shipping services in general) by information system implementation - the appropriately designed information system, combined with standardized system elements. Such system will ensure a higher level of efficiency, together with stability and business continuity.

Abstract: Tourism destination is a complicated system. Destination system consists of resources which can be natural and anthropogenic. It is necessary to harmonize them and to manage them in proper manner. Coastal area is one of the most valuable natural resources od Republic of Croatia which is well known and recognized as sun, sea and sand destination, and therefore coastal area is crucial for tourism development. Beaches, as part of coastal area, are foundation of competitive advantage, as well as income generator and due to this, there is growing interest in last couple years for possibility of using their recreational and economic potential. Purpose of this paper is, by using quantitative and qualitative analysis, to research beach resources of Peljesac peninsula which will then be used as a foundation for SWOT matrix to determine strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to beaches of this area. For the analysis purpose, beside the secondary data research, there was a field research conducted which covered attitudes of key stakeholders and tourism board management of Peljesac peninsula which together make destination management of beach resources.

Abstract: Deck officers must be very familiar with the content of the Standing Orders. This peculiar genre, which is usually written on one page of text and with a distinguishable graphical layout, combines administrative and legal discourse. The subtle interrelation between linguistic features on different levels of the analysis implies the ship’s hierarchy and organization which is a precondition for the safety of the ship. Analysis in this paper relies on discourse and genre knowledge and represents a continuation of the author’s research on maritime written genres in terms of both their structure an interpretation of language facts. Structure analysis in the paper is based on Bhatia’s (1993) model. After the moves of Standing Orders were established, the analysis focused on discursive characteristics of each move. As Standing Orders as genre for the most part belong to legal discourse (apart from commercial and merchant discourse), the analysis tends to show correlation between discourse exponents of this legal genre and crew members’ position and duties on board ship. Findings of this paper can be pedagogically useful in terms of providing a teaching model that will aid Maritime English teachers to convey knowledge of this genre to students, especially future deck officers and ship masters.

Abstract: Pregled postojecih sustava prijevoza prirodnog plina u tekucem stanju. Principi rada sustava ukapljivanja, termodinamicki procesi, tehnoloski uvjeti, prednosti i nedostaci pojedinih rjesenja.