Pledoi 

Abstract: There is a difference between making public policies related to defense and non-defense, the main consideration of making decisions in the field of defense is that in addition to the national interest, it must also be able to define threats that will be faced or potential to be faced. The approach in this study uses a descriptive approach, the approach is intended to describe or describe defense policies in the link between national policies and national interests, while the type of research is descriptive qualitative research. Defense Policy is one of the public policies, namely policies made by the government as a policy maker to achieve certain goals in society where in its preparation through various stages. Defense policy should always consider the national interest. The national interest has a close relationship with nationalism, aspects of the national interest include: humans who govern the nation and state democratically make decisions based on the best interests of the community or nation and state.

Abstract: This study aims to examine the implementation of the supervisory function of the Surakarta City Environment Service (DLH) on the Management of Hazardous and Toxic Waste (B3) RSUD Dr. Moewardi and obstacles in implementing the supervisory function. This research is an empirical legal research and is descriptive in nature. This study uses a qualitative approach with data sources in the form of primary data sources and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques used were document studies and interviews. The data analysis technique used is qualitative data analysis. The results of the study show that the implementation of the supervisory function of the Surakarta City Environmental Service (DLH) on B3 Waste Management at RSUD Dr. Moewardi has not been carried out optimally because DLH Surakarta in carrying out field supervision is not carried out completely and thoroughly according to Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) because supervision is only based on glimpses of the waste storage location and questions and answers only so there is concern that there will be discrepancies in the results of the written report with the actual situation in field. The obstacles faced by DLH Surakarta in carrying out the supervisory function are due to a lack of human resources making it difficult to divide schedules and supervise many agencies so that there are agencies that do not receive maximum supervision, the budget is very minimal so it is difficult to finance supervisory activities, and the facilities and infrastructure are inadequate.

Abstract: Soldiers of the Indonesian National Army (TNI) are expected to be ready to carry out their duties and obligations and obey the rules and traditions of the command, but it has become a common thing in the military today if soldiers leave their unit without giving reasons or permission from their superiors. In addition to law enforcement activities, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors that contribute to the occurrence of the crime of desertion of TNI members. The method used in this research is Juridical-Empirical research, where information is collected through interviews with people involved in desertion criminal cases as well as by accessing literature data related to this research. The results showed that there are two main factors that cause the criminal act of desertion of TNI members, namely internal factors including mental and emotional states. External factors include the work atmosphere, family environment and economic factors in general which cause TNI to break the law by deserting. In the settlement carried out by the Unit, namely making a Military Police report, the Military Police conducts an investigation and investigation, then the Military Oditur issues an indictment, demands and the Military Court gives a decision. Based on this research, the author provides advice to the Government to pay more attention to the welfare of the TNI and to Military Units that receive applicants for the Indonesian National Army to pay more attention to physical and psychological conditions so that TNI members are more characterized and reflect an authoritative military attitude in the future.

Abstract: Tujuan penelitian ini menyelidiki pentingnya meratifikasi Konvensi Terkait Status Pengungsi tahun 1951 dan Protokol New York tahun 1967 tentang pengungsi internasional bagi Indonesia perspektif pancasila dan UUD 1945. di Indonesia sendiri belum ada peraturan yang dapat digunakan sebagai patokan untuk menangani masalah pengungsi secara efektif dan efisien. Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 (UUD 1945) memiliki peran sentral dalam mengukuhkan fondasi nilai, prinsip, dan sistem pemerintahan di Indonesia. Pancasila, sebagai dasar negara, dan UUD 1945, sebagai konstitusi tertinggi, saling melengkapi dan menjadi pijakan utama bagi kemajuan Indonesia. Undang-Undang 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia menetapkan prinsip prinsip dasar HAM yang mencakup hak hak individu, dan sangat relavan dalam konteks pengungsi, tetapi di Indonesia sendiri belum meratifikasi Protokol Status Pengungsi tahun 1951 dan Protokol New York tahun 1967 tentang pengungsi internasional, yang merupakan alat hukum pengungsi internasional kontemporer. Selain itu, kedua Konvensi tersebut menunjukkan perhatian global terhadap hak asasi manusia terhadap pengungsi internasional, serta respon pemerintah terhadap fenomena penolakan pengungsian korban perang di Indonesia, jika Indonesia meratifikasi Konvensi maka Indonesia akan lebih mudah dan komprehensif untuk menyelesaikan masalah pengungsi dan pencari suaka. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian yang bersifat hukum normatif, dengan melakukan penelusuran dan pengkajian terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, serta 4 teori hukum.