TL;DR: In this article, an alternative to Maslow's theory and to a simple frustration hypothesis for the problem of relating need-satisfaction to strength of desires is presented. But it does not assume lower-level satisfaction as a prerequisite for the emergence of higher-order needs.

TL;DR: The theoretical precision and research related to equity theory, as it is conceived by Adams, are reviewed in this paper, where elaborations of the theory are presented in the areas of determinants of inequity, dissatisfaction resulting from inequity and responses to dissatisfaction.

TL;DR: Two studies are reported which deal with the directing function of goals in task performance and predicted that scores on a given dimension would be higher when the subject was trying to maximize (or minimize) his score on that dimension than when he was trying for some other goal.

TL;DR: The work of B. F. Skinner is highly consistent with that of many widely accepted students of management, except that Skinner's work deals specifically with scheduling reinforcements, does not require acceptance of the metaphysics of many of the “humanistic” psychologists, and is based on considerable empirical evidence as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: The authors examined the effect of biased prior probabilities in a deferred decision making task and found that the predicted change in behavior did not occur over blocks of trials, but only under conditions of an extreme bias in prior probabilities.

TL;DR: A Bayesian probabilistic information processing system (PIP) was compared, in field and laboratory tests, with four other forecasting methodologics and performed at least as well as any other technique and was superior to all techniques in terms of frequency of error.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the application of Bayes's theorem to those cases where the true state of the world is not known with certainty, and propose an algorithm that relaxes the requirement that the true data state be known with absolute certainty by postulating a true but unobservable elementary event, which gives rise to posterior probabilities which reflect the uncertainty of the data.

TL;DR: It was concluded that Friedlander's results depend on the measurement scale used and thus are basically artifactual and therefore cannot be interpreted as giving support for the two-factor theory of job satisfaction.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the differential emphasis of quantity vs. quality under conditions of overpayment in piece rate and proposed a hypothesis incorporating both equity theory and an instrumental reward model.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the views of United Fund board members toward goal setting and goal achievement in their organization, and found that central board members are more deeply involved in the processes of goal-setting and in the consequences of their organizations' performance.

TL;DR: This paper used parabolas as stimuli to test the validity of the progression-regression hypotheses of Fitts et al. in the context of performance on a cognitive inference task and found no evidence at all for the regression hypothesis under the stress conditions.

TL;DR: In this paper, three groups of subjects were given problems of the form, "What is X % of Y?", for which they subjectively estimated the answers and then read a list of the correct answers and were asked to state an interval around each correct answer within which they would regard an estimate as essentially correct.

TL;DR: In this article, four-person problem solving groups were constructed on the basis of participant California Psychological Inventory Leadership scale scores, each group had a target person with either a high or low leadership score and three other participants with intermediate leadership scores.

TL;DR: The detection latency data support the thesis that scanning is governed by the reinforcement efficacy of relevant signals, and the results were interpreted in terms of a four-process model of complex monitoring.

TL;DR: JUDGE (Judged Utility Decision Generator) is shown to be superior to DASC when measured by an expected utility criterion.

TL;DR: In general, advancement on the basis of merit is found to be most effective in organizations which have large spans of control, are homogeneous, and are flat in shape.

TL;DR: In two experiments subjects learned to assign each of 100 cards to one of six alternative classes on the basis of four binary cue dimensions, and estimated the proportion of cards in each class and the relative frequency of each cue value.

TL;DR: This article found that satisfaction with job and group, not necessarily concurrent states, may be mediated by different conditions, namely centrality and effectiveness, and the separateness of the effects of centrality on job satisfaction and group effectiveness was further supported by data indicating scapegoating.

TL;DR: For example, this article found that Ss of high ability were more activated under high-than low-motivating conditions, while Ss with high ability are more activated in high-motivation conditions than low ability.

TL;DR: In this article, the subjective posterior probabilities of 11 subjects were used to make inferences about individual data-generating models and found that most subjects do not follow the normative mathematical model of the experimenters and assign their own set of parameters to the model they employ instead.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a five-fold typology of decision behavior on a continuum of subordinate influence which can vary from delegation at one end of the scale, to decisions made by the leader without explanation to his subordinate, at the other end.

TL;DR: The authors conducted an experiment to determine the effects of interaction among group members on both their generation and evaluation of solutions to problems and found that groups in which members interacted with one another during generation produced fewer high quality solutions, fewer high-quality solutions and a smaller number of different kinds of solutions.

TL;DR: In this paper, three models of behavior were described, based upon three strategies that might determine how much information was bought in a simple binary decision task, where subjects could purchase information that was relevant to the decision to be made.