Journal• ISSN: 1876-3251
Open Environmental Sciences
Bentham Science Publishers
About: Open Environmental Sciences is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Nest & Solar energy. It has an ISSN identifier of 1876-3251. Over the lifetime, 54 publications have been published receiving 557 citations.
Topics: Nest, Solar energy, Prescribed burn, Biology, Air quality index
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Papers
TL;DR: There are not enough existing studies related to the treatment of oilfield produced water using ce- ramic membranes and the issues needing to be addressed are the prevention of membrane fouling during operation and the provision of an expedient, cost-effective and non-hazardous means of cleaning fouled membranes.
Abstract: Produced water is any fossil water that is brought to the surface along with crude oil or natural gas. By far, pro- duced water is the largest by-product or waste stream by volume associated with oil and gas production. The volume of produced water is dependent upon the state of maturation of the field. There is a need for new technologies for produced water treatment due to increased focus on water conservation and environmental regulation. Each time regulatory agencies initiate more stringent environmental control treatment technologies are refined to meet the updated standards. The Euro- pean standard for effluent from onshore petroleum activities requires less than 5 mg/l total hydrocarbons (HC) and less than 10 mg/l suspended solids; such low concentrations are unattainable when classical separation processes are used. To overcome the challenges posed by more stringent regulations, operators have turned to membrane filtration schemes which have the potential to minimize additional costs and disposal issues. Ceramic ultra- and nanofiltration membranes represent a relatively new class of materials available for the treatment of produced water. They can be manufactured from a variety of starting materials and can be processed in different ways to yield products with broad ranges of physical- chemical advantages and applications. While these membranes are effective in the separation of oils, emulsions and silts, they are prone to fouling by waxes and asphaltenes. The issues needing to be addressed are the prevention of membrane fouling during operation and the provision of an expedient, cost-effective and non-hazardous means of cleaning fouled membranes. Currently, there are not enough existing studies related to the treatment of oilfield produced water using ce- ramic membranes.
118 citations
TL;DR: The review reports and analyzes new insights and perspectives in the biomarker approach, including its recent application to the detection of the impact of biological pollution in marine environment.
Abstract: The measurement of cellular and sub cellular responses to chemical contaminants (referred to as biomarkers) in living organisms represents a recent tool in environmental monitoring. It answers to the need to detect exposure and to assess effects of pollutants on biota. Biomarkers have recently become an integral component of environmental monitoring programmes of marine environments in several countries as a supplement to the commonly used contaminant monitoring. The review reports and analyzes new insights and perspectives in the biomarker approach, including its recent application to the detection of the impact of biological pollution in marine environment.
51 citations
TL;DR: The findings clearly indicate that the fuzzy inference system (FIS) may successfully harmonize inherent discrepancies and interpret complex conditions and this river water quality model can be extended to determine the non-regulated contaminants in water.
Abstract: Proper assessment of water quality status in a river system based on limited observations is an essential task for meeting the goals of environmental management. Various classification methods have been used for estimating the chang- ing status and usability of surface water in River basin. However, a discrepancy frequently arises from the lack of a clear distinction between each water utilization mode, the uncertainty in the quality criteria of water employed and vagueness or fuzziness embedded in the decision making output values. Owing to inherent imprecision, difficulties always exist in some conventional methologies like water quality index (WQI) when describing integrated water quality conditions with respect to various chemical constituents, biological aspects, nutrients, and aesthetic qualities. In recent years, the fuzzy logic based methods have demonstrated to be appropriated to address uncertainty and subjectivity in environmental issues. In the present study, a methodology based on fuzzy inference systems (FIS) to assess water quality is proposed. This pa- per presents a comparative study using fuzzy logic technique to assess status of river water quality by comparing the out- put generated by fuzzy with that of conventional methods. The model is based on observations made from Semenyih River in West Malaysia. The findings clearly indicate that the fuzzy inference system (FIS) may successfully harmonize inherent discrepancies and interpret complex conditions. This river water quality model can be extended to determine the non-regulated contaminants in water.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the temporal and spatial distributions of organic tin compounds, irgarol and metals in sediments from a marina and the harbor of a small town near Stockholm, Sweden were investigated as part of a study of the environmental impacts of anti-fouling paint.
Abstract: The temporal and spatial distributions of organic tin compounds, irgarol and metals in sediments from a marina and the harbor of a small town near Stockholm, Sweden were investigated as part of a study of the environmental impacts of anti-fouling paint. The upper (0-2 cm) sediment layer was collected at seven stations in the marina and eight stations in the small town harbor; two reference stations were also sampled. High levels of tributyltin (TBT) were detected in sedi- ment that decreased along a spatial gradient moving away from the slipway in the marina. TBT was ten times higher in the surface sediment when compared to subsurface layers (10 cm deep). The highest concentrations of TBT were found at the slipways (up to 2000 � g TBT/kg DW) of the harbor. Analysis of accumulated sediments obtained from a collection basin situated beneath a boat washer revealed very high concentrations of TBT (63 000 � g/kg DW). These data provide persuasive evidence that TBT is still being released from pleasure craft even though it has been banned for use on such boats for 19 years. The source of the TBT is most likely from older paint that has been covered with newer coats. Our ob- servations, together with other literature-based data, suggest that TBT is still being released into the environment and poses a serious ecological problem at marinas throughout the world.
36 citations
TL;DR: This study investigated information processing tendencies of aspects of place attachment dealing with preferences for open or closed spaces, grasping place atmospheres, considering the matching of places to actions, and caring about orien- tation in space.
Abstract: By interacting with their environments individuals create bonds and links. In the course of this interaction, anonymous spaces are converted into places endowed with meaning, which serve as objects of attachment. Attachment is defined as a construct representing mainly the emotional bond to a location, but which includes also cognitions and meaning, and is related to personality tendencies of the individual. In this study, information processing tendencies of dif- ferent aspects of place attachment were investigated. Information processing tendencies were defined in terms of the Meaning Theory that deals with identifying cognitive processes involved in the performance of diverse acts and were as- sessed by means of the Meaning Test. A focus was set on four aspects of place attachment dealing with: preferences for open or closed spaces, grasping place atmospheres, considering the matching of places to actions, and caring about orien- tation in space. These attitudes were assessed by a Likert-type questionnaire. The participants were 36 architecture stu- dents. Associations between place attachment and information processing tendencies were analyzed by t-tests. Results showed significant and meaningful relations between aspects of place attachment and processing tendencies. Implications for environmental design are proposed.
29 citations
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Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2018 | 5 |
| 2015 | 1 |
| 2014 | 6 |
| 2013 | 5 |
| 2012 | 3 |
| 2011 | 4 |