TL;DR: It is argued that the evidence for the existence of the distinct resting state connectivity-based subtypes of depression should be interpreted with caution.

TL;DR: A key finding of the current study is a significant acceleration in the rate of hippocampal volume loss in middle age, more pronounced in females than in males.

TL;DR: This work establishes a computer-based analysis technique that uses convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to create prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers of PD from NMS-MRI and demonstrates that the left SNc plays a key role in the classification in comparison to the right SNc, and is in agreement with the concept of asymmetry in PD.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that seizure detection improved when training was performed using EEG patterns similar to those of testing data, suggesting that adding a variety of seizure patterns to the training dataset will improve the method.

TL;DR: A robust and simple bias-adjustment scheme is presented for neuroimaging-based brain age frameworks and it was shown efficient and statistically improved results, making it a necessary part for future brainAge frameworks.

TL;DR: HF- and LF-rTMS can both improve motor function by modulating motor cortical activation in the early phase of stroke, using clinical, neurophysiological and functional imaging assessments.

TL;DR: This study analyzed the effect of intensity domain adaptation on the recently proposed CNN-based MS lesion segmentation method and found the effectiveness of the proposed model in adapting previously acquired knowledge to new image domains, even when a reduced number of training samples was available in the target dataset.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate the potential of Baduanjin for the treatment of MCI and show decreased ALFF value changes in the right hippocampus and bilateral ACC were significantly associated with corresponding MoCA score changes across all groups.

TL;DR: Neither amyloid-PET nor CSF biomarkers could discriminate short-term converters from non-converters, and patients with MCI converted to AD dementia at an annual rate of 31%, which could be best predicted by combining neuropsychological testing with either MRI-based HV or 18F-FDG-PET.

TL;DR: In this paper, a transparent deep learning framework relying on 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) was proposed for diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS), the most widespread autoimmune neuroinflammatory disease.

TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors employed a spectral graph convolutional neural network (graph-CNN) that incorporated cortical thickness and geometry, to identify MCI and AD based on 3089 T 1 -weighted MRI data of the ADNI-2 cohort.

TL;DR: PFC-amygdala FC is altered in GAD, indicating top-down processing deficits, and Salience, default, and central executive nodes have altered structure and function.

TL;DR: Results indicate a severe and pervasive pattern of temporal aberrations in SZ (specifically, being “stuck” in a state of weak connectivity), that distinguishes SZ participants from both ASD and HC, and is associated with clinical symptoms.

TL;DR: Manual tumor segmentations on MRI have reasonable agreement for use in spatial and volumetric analysis and the lower inter-rater agreement of segmentation on postoperative MRI could only partly be explained by the smaller volumes and fragmentation of residual tumor.

TL;DR: Effects of aerobic exercise and fitness seem to mainly impact brain structures sensitive to neurodegeneration, which especially comprise frontal, temporal and parietal regions, such as the hippocampal/parahippocampal region, precuneus, anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex.

TL;DR: The results show that AD and DLB patients spent more time than controls in sparse connectivity configurations with absence of strong positive and negative connections and a relative isolation of motor networks from other networks, and the loss of global efficiency variability in DLB might indicate the presence of an abnormally rigid brain network and the lack of economical dynamics.

TL;DR: Individualized tACS in PD improves motor and cognitive performance and is associated with a reduction of excessive fast EEG oscillations, a cross-over, double blinded, randomized trial.

TL;DR: The spatial patterns of tau and glucose hypometabolism observed in AD resemble the functional organization of the healthy brain, supporting the notion that tau pathology spreads through circumscribed brain networks and drives neurodegeneration.

TL;DR: A fully automatic pipeline for serial analysis of FLAIR-hyperintense white matter lesions with good overall performance is presented and the lesion change plot is introduced as a descriptive tool for theLesion change of individual patients with regard to both number and volume.

TL;DR: An automated classifier may help clinicians diagnose FTD subtypes with subtle cortical atrophy and facilitate appropriate specific interventions by employing a machine learning-based classification method.

TL;DR: It is found that the functional connectivity between the primary visual network and the somatosensory/motor areas were significantly enhanced in cLBP patients, and these alterations may represent an adaptation/self-adjustment mechanism and cross-model interaction between the visual, somatoensory, motor, attention, and salient networks in response to cL BP.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the functional networks estimated by Gig-ICA are more sensitive to group differences, and GIG-ICA is promising for identifying image-derived biomarkers of brain disease.

TL;DR: This study revealed relatively greater loss of brain functional network segregation in childhood ADHD combined subtype compared to the inattentive subtype, suggesting differential large-scale functional brain network topology phenotype underlying childhood ADHD heterogeneity.

TL;DR: The findings indicate that different aspects of post-stroke swallow physiology are associated with distinct lesion locations, primarily in the right hemisphere, and primarily including sensory-motor integration areas and their corresponding white matter tracts.

TL;DR: TaVNS at 1 Hz can significantly modulate activity/connectivity of brain regions associated with the vagus nerve central pathway and pain modulation system, which may shed light on the neural mechanisms underlying taVNS treatment of migraine.

TL;DR: High-density electroencephalography data showed that networks in DOC patients are characterized by impaired global information processing and increased local information processing (network segregation) as compared to controls and the large-scale functional brain networks had integration decreasing with lower level of consciousness.

TL;DR: PLS is associated with considerable subcortical grey matter degeneration and due to the extensive extra-motor involvement, it should no longer be regarded a pure upper motor neuron disorder.

TL;DR: Correlations between neuronal activity and cerebral perfusion maps may be a method for detecting neurovascular coupling abnormalities, which could be used for diagnosis in the future.

TL;DR: A systematic review focuses on structural and functional neuroimaging findings in PD patients with FOG, finding several mechanisms underpinning FOG in PD reflect structural or functional damage in brain regions responsible for human locomotion.