TL;DR: The high levels of heme degradation activity and the localization of HO-2 transcripts and protein in the brain may reflect the functions of this enzyme in processes such as production of cellular messenger, regulation of the activity of he me-dependent enzymes catalyzing intracellular signaling molecule synthesis, and production of antioxidants.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that the IGFs are involved in the brain's inflammatory response to injury, with IGF-I expressed by reactive astrocytes and IGF-II by activated macrophages, which appears likely to be linked to the increased metabolic requirements associated with active phagocytosis.

TL;DR: Functional studies showed that synthetic catfish GnRH-I released not only gonadotropin but also growth hormone from an in vitro preparation of goldfish pituitaries, increasing the number of GnRH family members to six.

TL;DR: The rat 5-HT(1D) receptor gene is cloned and it is shown that it may serve as an additional type of serotonin autoreceptor and is pharmacologically dimorphic with respect to its human homologue.

TL;DR: The data suggest that chronic ethanol exposure regulates GABA(A) receptor gene expression by differential effects on the synthesis of specific subunits of GABA (A) receptors in the CNS.

TL;DR: Since the integrated transgene provides a marker for cloning an endogenous gene necessary for normal pigmentation and proper development of the inner ear, the transgenic line VGA-9 may become valuable for the study of the molecular genetics of inner ear disorders associated with pigment abnormalities in both mice and humans.

TL;DR: NPY mRNA levels in the arcsuate nucleus are sensitive to a relatively minor degree of food deprivation and are consistent with the hypothesis that circulating insulin modulates NPY mRNA expression in the arcuate nucleus during mild to prolonged fasting.

TL;DR: Inhibition by MLA was voltage independent and competitive with agonist concentration, and thus MLA is a useful addition to the nicotinic pharmacopoeia.

TL;DR: The availability of the dsk transcript, sequence-specific DSK antibodies and the application of molecular genetics provide the opportunity to elucidate the role(s) of Drosophila CCK homologues in brain structure and function.

TL;DR: A new method for the simultaneous detection of two mRNA species within individual neurons is presented, which confers a high specificity and sensitivity to the in situ hybridization analysis and would permit studies of gene regulation in individual cells among the heterogeneous populations of the brain.

TL;DR: The findings indicate that exposure of female rats to reproductively relevant stimuli resulted in induction of fos-like immunoreactivity within the AOS and that both olfactory and nonolfactory cues probably contributed to this effect.

TL;DR: It is reported that the giant axon contains mRNAs encoding β-actin and β-tubulin, establishing the identity of two relatively abundant members of the axonal mRNA population and suggesting that key elements of the cytoskeleton are synthesized de novo in the squid giants axon.

TL;DR: In situ hybridization studies demonstrate that agrin/agrin-related mRNAs are present in motor neurons that innervate the electric organ and skeletal muscle and raise the possibility that Agrin and/or agrin- related proteins mediate formation of the postsynaptic apparatus at neuron-to-neuron synapses.

TL;DR: Northern analysis was used to determine levels of MyoD and myogenin mRNA in muscles regenerating after experimental crush injury and in limb muscles of dystrophic mdx mice at various ages in comparison to controls and shows that this technique can be used to provide sensitive quantitative information on the size of the population of activated precursor cells in skeletal muscle.

TL;DR: The rat GRP-R and NMB-R cDNAs were used to map the regional distribution of these two bombesin receptor subtypes in rat CNS using in situ hybridization.

TL;DR: The relative distribution and density of three 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor subtype mRNAs in female rat brain were investigated by in situ hybridization histochemistry using (36)S-labeled riboprobes to show consistency with a role of 5-HT(2) receptors in the control of ovulation and mating.

TL;DR: The increase in POMC gene expression associated with a fall in peptide levels is consistent with a compensatory increase in brain beta-EP synthesis and release in the setting of chronic opioid receptor blockade.

TL;DR: HPRT mRNA is expressed in many regions of the normal mouse brain, with high levels in most, but not all neurons, and no HPRT RNA was detected in the brains of mutant mice carrying a deletion in the H PRT gene.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that the increased stress-induced ACTH release of rats born to intact dams exposed to alcohol is primarily mediated by increased maternal corticosterone levels is not supported.

TL;DR: The overall structure of the precursor polypeptide encoded by HF-4 is markedly different from that encoded byHF-1 and more closely resembles the Drosophila FaRP precursor.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that pre-proNPY gene expression in the rat arcuate nucleus is increased during lactation and that this effect is probably not a consequence of hyperprolactinemia, and the stimulatory effect of haloperidol treatment on pre- proNPY mRNA levels does not appear to be mediated by the pituitary gland.

TL;DR: Both male and female aged rats exhibit levels of GAP-43 mRNA in hippocampal pyramidal cells lower than those of their younger counterparts, reflecting perhaps the ongoing neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity characteristic of this brain region.

TL;DR: A possible role for cytochrome oxidase is suggested in the pathogenesis of AD after subtraction hybridization was used to isolate genes that were differentially expressed in AD compared to control brains.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that the 5'-flanking region of the bovine TH gene operates as an authentic promoter capable of directing cell-specific expression of a bacterial CAT gene and of conferring responsivity to PKC-stimulation.

TL;DR: The data suggest that the mutant gene in the HOM rat is transcribed at rates comparable to those in the LE and HET rats, while cytoplasmic mutant VP mRNA is significantly reduced in all nuclei of the Hom rat.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that lactation, a physiological condition, can inhibit cortical activation that is mediated by NMDA but not kainate receptors, and represents a novel model system in which to study mechanisms of NMDA receptor inactivation and subsequent consequences on hippocampal and cortical function.

TL;DR: The transcriptional regulatory regions of the proenkephalin gene displayed an extremely high degree of interspecies sequence conservation between humans, rats, and cows, and Fos-related proteins apparently form a complex with c-Jun that transactivates the proankephin gene.