TL;DR: The importance of hydrogenase, formate dehydrogenase and OOR as well as the complex I of C. jejuni are elucidated by chicken colonization assays, where the double mutant Hyd::Fdh, OorB::CM and nuo mutants are severely impaired in host colonization.

TL;DR: The data suggest subtle changes in lipid A structure may profoundly impact the host's innate immune response and the difference in potency between Bacteroides and P. gingivalis LPS is TLR4-dependent.

TL;DR: This study investigated the biofilm growth and detachment phenotypes of eight NTHi clinical strains in vitro and found that the majority of strains produced biofilms within 6h when cultured statically in tubes, suggesting that extracellular DNA is the major volumetric component of the Nthi biofilm matrix.

TL;DR: The present study clarified the cellinvasiveness of P. acnes and the close correlation of cell invasiveness to the serotype and genotype of the two invasion-associated P. Acnes genes.

TL;DR: Results indicate that sodium butyrate could be effective to modulate innate immune gene expression in mammary gland that leads to a better defense against bacterial infection.

TL;DR: Results suggest that oral bacteria, especially periodontal pathogens, may foster P. aeruginosa invasion into respiratory epithelial cells to enhance host cell cytokine release and apoptosis.

TL;DR: 3 amino 1,2,4 triazole (ATZ) and Diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DDC) were used to inhibit specifically macrophage derived catalase and SOD respectively, which strengthened the scope of involvement of these anti-oxidants in the intracellular survival of S. aureus.

TL;DR: The results suggest that this oomycete-specific C(2)H(2)-type zinc finger protein plays an important role in growth, development, and pathogenesis; therefore, PsCZF1 might be an attractive oomyCete- specific target for chemical fungicide screening.

TL;DR: Analysis of the lipid profiles of the mycobacterial strains identified a novel lipopeptide that was present in the cell wall extracts of wild-type M. ap, but missing from the DeltapstA mutant, which consisted of significantly shorter bacilli than the wild type.

TL;DR: It is suggested that complex synergistic or antagonistic physiologic mechanisms are intimately involved in host cell invasion by P. gingivalis in polymicrobial infection.

TL;DR: Exposure of Mtb to CLSE, PPL, or purified SP-A caused a substantially weaker transcriptional response suggesting that interactions among multiple lipid-protein components of WLS may contribute to its effects on Mtb transcription.

TL;DR: The screening of a mutant library, produced by insertion of transposon Tn917 into the chromosome of S. suis strain P1/7, for mutants that are less able to interact with porcine brain microvascular endothelial cells forming the blood-brain barrier, suggests that these two genes may contribute to the virulence of the strain.

TL;DR: It is found that the deletion of T6SS locus YPO0499-YPO0516 in Y. pestis CO92 had no effect on the ability of this strain to infect the oriental rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis, but this mutant displayed increased intracellular numbers in macrophage-like J774.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that the bacterial PI-PLC promotes escape through the production of diacylglycerol leading to the activation of host PKCbeta is strongly supported.

TL;DR: Using in silico analysis, a putative small RNA homolog of the meningococcal nrrF locus is identified, and it is demonstrated that this sRNA is iron-repressible, suggesting that this is the gonococcal analog of the rhyB locus in Escherichia coli.

TL;DR: The ability to recover from protein damage is of key importance in the pathogenesis of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori, and the double mutant SS1 clpAP lacked all ability to colonize the murine host.

TL;DR: The findings demonstrate that the operons typical for S-fimbriae of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli include previously unrecognized novel regulatory genes.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the expression of inflammatory mediators can vary greatly, depending on the tissue and mouse strains, and it is possible that the resistance to Leptospira can be partially correlated to the increase of MIP-1 alpha observed in BALB/c mice.

TL;DR: The data suggests that EstA protein is a novel inducer of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines by activating the NF-kappaB, p38 and ERK 1/2 MAPK pathways during inflammatory responses.

TL;DR: No evidence of significant tissue M. haemofelis sequestration was found in this study to explain the copy number cycling reported with this feline haemoplasma species.

TL;DR: Results indicate that H. somni IbpA protein inhibits phagocytic activity of macrophages and monocytes, probably by disruption of actin filament structure.

TL;DR: It is suggested that agr Group II is simultaneously associated with methicillin-resistance and biofilm overproduction in a region with endemic MRSA.

TL;DR: Investigation of the role of different H. pylori strains and recognized virulence factors in cell culture and in the mouse model found down modulation of HSPs was not dependent on the presence of the vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) or the cag pathogenicity island (cag PAI).

TL;DR: In this mouse model system S. aureus is capable of penetrating the epidermal keratinocyte layers and disseminating rapidly after inoculation; the experimental infections do produce significant dermal damage, but the latter develops after dissemination has already taken place.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the pathogenic mechanisms exerted by M. viscosa on CHSE cells are disruption of the cytoskeleton which affects cell rigidity and structure, followed by pore formation and lysis caused by secreted products from the bacterium, which can also occur at temperatures above those experienced from winter ulcer outbreaks.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors constructed TCS08 knockout mutants in a serotype 4 encapsulated pathogenic strain TIGR4, and investigated target genes regulated by TCS-08 through transcriptional profile analysis.

TL;DR: The aim of the study was to identify and understand the characterization of Inosine 5-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), and a 957-bp gene, impdh, was identified in the virulent S. suis serotype 2 (SS2), and analysis of the predicted IMPDH sequence revealed IMP dehydrogenases/GMP reductase domain.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the silkworm infection model is useful for identifying pathogenic bacteria from soil and purifying bacterial toxins.

TL;DR: The data indicate that H-NS plays important roles in regulating biofilm formation and virulence in A. pleuropneumoniae, and the down-regulation of the exotoxin genes in the hns mutants may partly contribute to the virulence attenuation.