TL;DR: It is shown here that immunoprecipitation of YopH from lysates of J774 cells infected with Y. pseudotuberculosis expressing an inactive form of YOPH resulted in co-precipitating of certain phosphotyrosine proteins, which supports an important role for these targets in a general mechanism of bacterial uptake.

TL;DR: VacA induced an inactivation of energy metabolism followed by mitochondrial damage, leading to impairment of the cell cycle in gastric epithelial cells.

TL;DR: The chinchilla trachea organ perfusion culture system used in this study imitates eustachian tube conditions more closely than isolated cell culture systems and is a useful model for investigating the role of Spn adherence in vitro in the pathogenesis of OM.

TL;DR: A potential role of surface associated plasminogen in bacterial penetration of basement membranes and extracellular matrix is suggested.

TL;DR: The enhanced protection in the TbpA+TbpB group suggests TBPA contributed to protection through the induction of a non-antibody-mediated immune response, which suggests the best protection against experimental P. haemolytica infection is shown.

TL;DR: Northern analysis established that infected epithelial cells still expressed IL-8 mRNA, suggesting that the cytokine was destroyed after secretion, and in the presence of a protease inhibitor the loss was significantly retarded, indicating thatIL-8 was degraded by P. gingivalis proteases.

TL;DR: Using both solid phase and liposome aggregation assays, it is found that EHEC and EPEC bind specifically and in a dose-dependent manner to PE and the PE-binding phenotype of EPEC appeared to correlate with the bundle-forming pilus genotype of a number of clinical isolates.

TL;DR: The increased growth observed after catecholamine administration may alter the capacity to infect an animal under stressful conditions, and is another potential mechanism by which a stress response can affect susceptibility to disease.

TL;DR: It is concluded that cytokine gene expression in BAMs requires NF-kappaB activation and [Ca2+]i elevation, and Lkt effects exhibit cell type- and species specificity.

TL;DR: It is shown by transmission electron microscopy that L. micdadei replicates within an endoplasmic reticulum (RER)-free phagosome within human macrophages, alveolar epithelial cells, and within the protozoan Hartmannella vermiformis, and in contrast to L. pneumophila, there was no significant intrapulmonary replication of L.micdadeI in the A/J mice animal model.

TL;DR: In this article, a new animal model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) was used to compare the histological features induced by three different strains of Aspergillus fumigatus; mutants devoided of exocellular protease and rodlet and their parental strain.

TL;DR: It is indicated that no association exists between APOE genotype and synovial presence of C. trachomatis or other bacteria, and individuals bearing at least one copy of the APOE epsilon4 allele may be at increased risk forsynovial infection by C. pneumoniae.

TL;DR: An in vivo expression technology (IVET) system to identify Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae gene promoters that are specifically induced in vivo during infection is developed, the first report of an IVET system for use in the family Pasteurellaceae, as well as the first reported of anIVET system utilizing an infection model of pneumonia in the natural host.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the presence of an intact stn gene contributed significantly to the overall virulence of S. typhimurium in a murine model.

TL;DR: Results show that using two different vaccine regimens, Yops E, K and N, failed to elicit protective immune responses in a murine model of plague, whereas under the same conditions, V antigen was fully or partially protective.

TL;DR: Results indicated that the inhibition of phagosomal acidification by Y. pseudotuberculosis infection was due to the attenuation of V-ATPase activity, and not to the exclusion of V -ATP enzyme subunits from the phagosome membrane as found in Mycobacterium avium.

TL;DR: Restricted distribution of CRS and DRS among the M types historically associated with AGN suggests that these sic alleles may have a role in AGN pathogenesis.

TL;DR: The WBA appears to be a more sensitive measure of bactericidal activity to heterologous strains than the SBA, however, children convalescing from meningococcal disease develop an immune response to their infecting strain, detectable by both the WBA and SBA.

TL;DR: The induction of cytokin gene expression in cultures of bovine alveolar macrophages stimulated with heat-killed P. haemolytica induced early, abundant, and consistent synthesis of IL-1, TNF-alpha, and IL-8 mRNA and proteins, demonstrating the powerful and selective induction of cytokine mRNA and protein synthesis.

TL;DR: An ex vivo model that allows measurement of ependymal ciliary beat frequency, using high-speed video analysis, during incubation with bacterial toxins is established, finding that pneumolysin, at levels which may be produced during severe pneumococcal meningitis, may cause rapid ependyma ciliary stasis.

TL;DR: In this article, outer membrane vesicles were isolated from cultures of Porphyromonas gingivalis and tested for their ability to promote inflammation and for their effects on the biosynthesis of E-selectin and ICAM-1 adhesion molecules and MHC class II glycoproteins.

TL;DR: S. typhimurium UK-1 Deltacya-12Deltacrp-11 mutant strain chi3985 and its virulence plasmid cured derivative chi4095 are found to be avirulent and able to induce protective immune responses in BALB/c mice.

TL;DR: Transposon mutagenesis was performed using mTn 10phoA to identify Legionella pneumophila genes that are expressed under certain in vitro conditions, and are required for intracellular replication, and one mutant generated was defective in its multiplication within U937 macrophage-like cells and H. vermiformis.

TL;DR: Cloning of mpt53 represents cloning of the last of the 10 proteins originally defined as "secreted proteins" of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis based on determination of their "Localization index" (LI) (J Gen Microbiol 1991;137 : 875-84).

TL;DR: Immunization with HAP-GST significantly reduced rhinitis in Balb/C mice challenged nasally with S. equi and significantly increased survival time and clearance of bacteria in CBA/CA mice challenged intraperitoneally withS.

TL;DR: It is concluded that 35000HP is relatively resistant to normal and hyperimmune sera, and that the major outer membrane protein contributes to this resistance.

TL;DR: The role of CD4(+)and CD8(+)T cell dependent immune responses is examined in relation to clearing infectious virus from the TG following HSV-1 ocular challenge to establish a latent infection in the trigeminal ganglia rather than a chronic infection.

TL;DR: The differences found between these viruses in terms of their interaction with the cell, ability to modulate cell-cell fusion and response to exogenous neuraminidases of various specificities, may reflect salient differences in biological properties of the three viruses.

TL;DR: The ability of A. salmonicida to upregulate periplasmic MnSOD and cytoplasmic catalase production under iron restricted conditions and low level peroxide may be vital for its ability to withstand attack by phagocytic cells in vivo.